Dilution versus pollution in watercourses affected by acid mine drainage: a graphic model for the Iberian Pyrite Belt (SW Spain)

The aim of this study was to chemically characterize the water quality impacts of the 88 acid mine drainage (AMD) generating mines in the Spanish sector of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB). This was necessary because the Water Framework Directive of the European Union and the hydrological plans of the Tinto, Odiel, and Piedras river basins require that water quality be improved enough to allow at least some of the rivers in the IPB to sustain healthy fish populations by 2027. The results indicate a clear decrease in metals, arsenic, and sulfate concentrations and increased pH between the AMD-sources and the river channels.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Metal Bioavailability in the Sava River Water

Metals present one of the major contamination problems for freshwater systems, such as the Sava River, due to their high toxicity, persistence, and tendency to accumulate in sediment and living organisms. The comprehensive assessment of the metal bioavailability in the Sava River encompassed the analyses of dissolved and DGT-labile metal species of nine metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the river water, as well as the evaluation of the accumulation of five metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) in three organs (liver, gills, and gastrointestinal tissue) of the bioindicator organism, fish species European chub (Squalius cephalus L.).This survey was conducted mainly during the year 2006, in two sampling campaigns, in April/May and September, as periods representative for chub spawning and post-spawning. Additionally, metal concentrations were determined in the intestinal parasites acanthocephalans, which are known for their high affinity for metal accumulation. Metallothionein concentrations were also determined in three chub organs, as a commonly applied biomarker of metal exposure. Based on the metal concentrations in the river water, the Sava River was defined as weakly contaminated and mainly comparable with unpolluted rivers, which enabled the analyses of physiological variability of metal and metallothionein concentrations in the chub organs, as well as the establishment of their constitutive levels

Tóxico e adicção comparados a paixão e toxicomania: etimologia e psicanálise

Pela ótica psicanalítica, a etimologia de "tóxico" e "adicção" foi comparada à "paixão" e "toxicomania", obtendo-se as seguintes conclusões: "tóxico" e "toxicomania" remetem à "substância química" que ataca o organismo; os sentidos etimológicos originários de "paixão" e "tóxico" se assemelham: "paixão como sofrimento passivo frente à ação prejudicial", em Aristóteles e em Cristo, lembra o "tóxico" na ponta das flechas utilizado pelos bárbaros, anteriormente ao século II, nos ataques de guerra, o sofrimento pas sivo, prejudicial para o atacado; a "toxicomania" se aproxima da paixão, pois nasce no campo médico, no fim do século XIX, definida como "degenerescência", "imoralidade" e "paixão"; o sentido de paradoxo foi encontrado em "tóxico", "toxicomania", e "paixão"; e na "adicção", surgindo no Império Romano como "escravização por determinação legal para pagamento de dívida", reencontrou-se o antigo sentido grego de "paixão como escravização, sofrimento passivo, submissão a uma ação exterior sobre o corpo"