53 research outputs found
Philippe DARRIULAT, Un enfant du siÚcle. Albert Laponneraye, révolutionnaire, historien et journaliste
Philippe Darriulat nous offre une version profondĂ©ment remaniĂ©e de sa thĂšse de doctorat sur Albert Laponneraye, rĂ©alisĂ©e il y a une trentaine dâannĂ©es sous la direction de Philippe Vigier. Lâouvrage, qui ne suit pas un plan chronologique, se compose dâun long « prologue » consacrĂ© Ă la jeunesse de Laponneraye et de deux parties qui analysent lâĂ©volution de ses travaux dâhistorien et de son engagement politique. Biographie dâun acteur politique « moyen », qui nâest ni un parfait inconnu ni une..
International Conference âStaging American Bodiesâ
The seventh edition of the Staging America conference series tackled the various ways in which the human form has been staged and represented throughout history and in different media across the Americas. The term âstagingâ was not limited to the performing arts. The conference covered a wide geographical area and encompassed a large spectrum of disciplines ranging from literature to fine art, and from pop culture to drama. The Institut des AmĂ©riques, the Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire RĂ©cits..
The Kyoto Protocol, The clean development mechanism and the building and construction sector:A report for the UNEP Sustainable Buildings and Construction Initiative
3D numerical simulation of pump cavitating behavior
The quasi-steady cavitating behavior of three pumps was investigated by 3D unsteady viscous computations. The numerical model is based on the commercial code FINE/TURBOâą, which was adapted to take into account the cavitation phenomenon. The resolution resorts to a time-marching algorithm initially devoted to compressible flows. A low-speed preconditioner is applied to treat low Mach number flows. The vaporization and condensation processes are controlled by a barotropic state law that links the void ratio evolution to the pressure variations. A radial pump, a centrifugal pump, and a turbopump inducer were calculated and the cavitating behaviors obtained by the computations were compared to experimental measurements and visualizations. A reliable agreement is obtained for the two pumps concerning both the head drop charts and the extension of the vapor structures. A qualitative good agreement with experiments is also observed in the case of the turbopump inducer. The accuracy of the numerical model is discussed for the three geometries. These simulations are a first attempt to simulate the complete 3D cavitating flows in turbomachinery. Results are promising, since the quasi-steady behaviors of the pumps in cavitating condition are found quantitatively close to the experimental ones. A continuing effort is pursued to improve the prediction accuracy, and to simulate unsteady effects observed in experiments, as, for example, rotating cavitation
On the Exploitation of a High-throughput SHA-256 FPGA Design for HMAC
High-throughput and area-efficient designs of hash functions and corresponding mechanisms for Message Authentication Codes (MACs) are in high demand due to new security protocols that have arisen and call for security services in every transmitted data packet. For instance, IPv6 incorporates the IPSec protocol for secure data transmission. However, the IPSec's performance bottleneck is the HMAC mechanism which is responsible for authenticating the transmitted data. HMAC's performance bottleneck in its turn is the underlying hash function. In this article a high-throughput and small-size SHA-256 hash function FPGA design and the corresponding HMAC FPGA design is presented. Advanced optimization techniques have been deployed leading to a SHA-256 hashing core which performs more than 30% better, compared to the next better design. This improvement is achieved both in terms of throughput as well as in terms of throughput/area cost factor. It is the first reported SHA-256 hashing core that exceeds 11Gbps (after place and route in Xilinx Virtex 6 board)
GUIDE DES NĂGOCIATIONS â DĂ©cryptage des principaux rĂ©sultats de la CdP25 (Chili/Madrid)
Le Guide des nĂ©gociations est un document rĂ©alisĂ© annuellement par lâOIF/IFDD pour accompagner les sessions de la ConfĂ©rence des Parties (CdP) Ă la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC). Compte tenu du contexte inĂ©dit induit par la pandĂ©mie de Covid-19, et du report des sessions formelles Ă 2021, le prĂ©sent document constitue plutĂŽt un Guide de dĂ©cryptage « passerelle » dâici Ă la prochaine Ă©dition du Guide des nĂ©gociations qui sera publiĂ© en amont de la 26e session de la ConfĂ©rence des Parties (CdP26) (1-12 novembre 2021, Glasgow).
Il reste toutefois une source prĂ©cieuse pour offrir Ă chacun lâaccĂšs Ă une prĂ©sentation analytique des enjeux. Dans ce cadre, ce document apparait en effet dâautant plus utile, voire nĂ©cessaire. Face Ă une situation Ă laquelle personne nâĂ©tait prĂ©parĂ©, lâensemble des entitĂ©s impliquĂ©es dans le cadre des nĂ©gociations, dont certaines Parties elles-mĂȘmes, nâont pas la capacitĂ© de se tenir informĂ©es, ni de se prĂ©parer avec le plus dâefficacitĂ© possible Ă la reprise des sessions en prĂ©sentiel prĂ©vue en 2021. Alors que lâurgence climatique ne peut souffrir dâaucun retard supplĂ©mentaire, et que dâimportantes dĂ©cisions devront aboutir dĂšs la reprise des activitĂ©s formelles, ce document entend ainsi sâinscrire dans une dynamique positive et constructive permettant de tendre vers une CdP26 rĂ©ussie et ambitieuse.
Le Guide propose, dans un premier temps, un dĂ©cryptage des rĂ©sultats clĂ©s de la derniĂšre session de la ConfĂ©rence des Parties (CdP25 â Chili/Madrid, 2019), en indiquant les perspectives associĂ©es aux prochains enjeux des nĂ©gociations. Il prĂ©sente ensuite un cadre de lecture indicatif des incidences de la pandĂ©mie sur le processus de la CCNUCC et des dispositifs inĂ©dits mis en place pour sây adapter.
Comme chaque annĂ©e, le Guide bĂ©nĂ©ficie de lâapport dâun groupe dâauteurs et de contributeurs issus de diffĂ©rents pays de la Francophonie, impliquĂ©s dans les nĂ©gociations sur le climat depuis de nombreuses annĂ©es. Un ComitĂ© de relecture composĂ© dâexperts sĂ©lectionnĂ©s pour leur implication dans le processus des nĂ©gociations permet, en outre, de sâassurer de la pertinence et de la rigueur des informations.
Lâensemble des informations est actualisĂ© Ă la date du 2 novembre 2020.
Ce document a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©digĂ© par ENERGIES 2050 pour le compte de lâInstitut de la Francophonie pour le dĂ©veloppement durable (IFDD). Il est publiĂ© Ă titre dâinformation et ne reflĂšte pas le point de vue de lâIFDD, ni celui du SecrĂ©tariat de la Convention, ni celui de la prĂ©sidence de la CdP26. Ce Guide produit par lâIFDD est actualisĂ© sur la base des informations disponibles Ă la date du 2 novembre 2020
Robespierre, the weight of words, the shock of scaffold. Robespierreâs image in the political discourse from the Restoration to the end of the 19th century
LâĂ©tude de lâimage de Robespierre dans le discours politique de la Restauration Ă la fin du XIXe siĂšcle met en lumiĂšre le processus de construction de la lĂ©gende dorĂ©e de Robespierre, lĂ©gende qui nâa jamais Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e de maniĂšre prĂ©cise, bien quâelle ait influencĂ© fortement lâhistoriographie. ForgĂ©e Ă partir de 1830 par des militants appartenant Ă la composante radicale du parti rĂ©publicain, elle prĂ©sente Robespierre comme le dĂ©fenseur de lâĂ©galitĂ© politique et sociale, le thĂ©oricien du droit Ă lâinsurrection et lâapĂŽtre dâune religion fraternelle qui doit servir de base Ă un nouveau contrat social. Cette Ă©tude montre aussi que la lĂ©gende noire de Robespierre est traversĂ©e par des fractures idĂ©ologiques mal discernĂ©es jusquâici. La lĂ©gende noire conservatrice/contre-rĂ©volutionnaire nĂ©e sous la RĂ©volution fait de Robespierre Ă la fois un tyran et un anarchiste niveleur et impie. La lĂ©gende noire libĂ©rale qui se dĂ©veloppe sous la Restauration en fait seulement un tyran clĂ©rical. Les lĂ©gendes noires communiste et anarchiste, apparues respectivement au tournant de 1840 et sous la DeuxiĂšme RĂ©publique, dĂ©noncent non seulement le clĂ©ricalisme de Robespierre mais aussi son manque dâambition sociale. A la diffĂ©rence de la lĂ©gende noire communiste, la lĂ©gende noire anarchiste reprend lâimage du tyran et critique le rĂŽle de Robespierre dans la Terreur. Enfin, la lĂ©gende noire libĂ©rale-rĂ©publicaine apparue Ă partir du milieu du XIXe siĂšcle sâinscrit dans le prolongement de la lĂ©gende noire libĂ©rale tout en Ă©tant influencĂ©e par les lĂ©gendes noires communiste et anarchiste et fait de Robespierre un tyran politique et clĂ©rical dont elle souligne le peu dâintĂ©rĂȘt pour les questions Ă©conomiques.Studying the image of Robespierre in the political discourse from the Restauration to the end of the 19th century highlights the construction process of the golden legend of Robespierre, which has never been precisely analysed, although it influenced profoundly historiography. Built from 1830 onwards by militants belonging to the radical fringe of the republican movement, it presents Robespierre as the defender of political and social equality, the theoretician of the right to insurrection and the apostle of a brotherly religion, basis of a new social contract. This study also shows that Robespierreâs dark legend is split by ideological divides which remained until now unclear. A dark legend which can be called âconservative/counter-revolutionaryâ appeared during the Revolution. It describes Robespierre at the same time as a tyrant and as a godless leveller anarchist. The liberal dark legend appeared under the Restoration presents Robespierre only as a clerical tyrant. The communist and anarchist dark legends, which emerged respectively at the beginning of the 1840âs and under the Second Republic, point out not only Robespierreâs clericalism but also his lack of social concerns. Unlike the communist dark legend, the anarchist dark legend reuses the image of the tyrant and denounces Robespierreâs implication in the Terror. Finally, a republican-liberal dark legend emerges in the middle of the 19th century. It is a continuation of the liberal dark legend which is also influenced by the communist and anarchist dark legends. It presents Robespierre as a political and clerical tyrant and stresses on his lack of interest in economic issues
Emily Dickinson : the ophelian drift, poetry and pictorial representations
Cette recherche a pour objectif de faire Ă©merger lâessence dâOphĂ©lie, au sein de la poĂ©sie et de la vie dâEmily Dickinson. FondĂ©s sur une Ă©tude comparative dâEmily Dickinson et des reprĂ©sentations dâOphĂ©lie, ces travaux mettent en exergue lâinfluence indĂ©niable quâa eue ce personnage dit âmineurâ sur la poĂ©sie et lâimaginaire du poĂšte, ainsi que son rĂŽle âmajeurâ sur elle et sur son art. Jean-Luc Nancy explique quâil existe un point oĂč lâimage non-figurative peut elle aussi exister. Il sâagit du point oĂč image et texte fusionnent, oĂč les frontiĂšres se brouillent : On parle alors dâun sens Ă lâessence. Il sâexprime ici dans la force quâa Emily Dickinson de faire apparaĂźtre OphĂ©lie, mais sans jamais lâactualiser entiĂšrement. Cette capacitĂ© est propre au poĂšte, comme le dĂ©finit Emerson. Câest aussi la multiplicitĂ© quâoffre Shakespeare au personnage dâOphĂ©lie, cette mĂȘme symbolique ophĂ©lienne, crĂ©Ă©e grĂące aux multiples superpositions de calques qui se retrouvent Ă travers ses diffĂ©rentes reprĂ©sentations et les exploitations diverses de son iconographie. En se fondant fidĂšlement sur la doctrine originaire dâHorace « Ut Pictura Poesis erit », OphĂ©lie prend vie dans la poĂ©sie dâEmily Dickinson. Cette doctrine rapporte les arts du langage Ă ceux de lâimage, et souligne quâune poĂ©sie muette (la peinture) est comme une peinture parlante (art poĂ©tique). Le poĂšte enrichit ainsi le statut de peintre en Ă©largissant sa palette de dĂ©finition. Lâimportance dâOphĂ©lie, dans la structure artistique dâEmily Dickinson, est mise en Ă©vidence, telle une armature silencieuse Ă sa composition poĂ©tique. Câest pourquoi on ne peut parler dâimitation mais dâinfluence, qui se fonde sur le concept de DiffĂ©renciation, de lignes de fuite, de cartographie et enfin de Devenir-mineur vers la crĂ©ation de lâunique. Câest en effet par la soustraction et non lâaddition que se crĂ©e lâindividualitĂ©, telle la dĂ©finition mĂȘme du rhizome donnĂ©e par Gilles Deleuze. Une sorte de beau et une certaine souverainetĂ© de la vĂ©ritĂ© peuvent alors sâen dĂ©gager comme le dĂ©finit Keats, ce qui Ă©voque la quĂȘte centrale de circonfĂ©rence du poĂšte. Cette thĂšse sâappuie sur les points cardinaux qui permettent de suivre Emily Dickinson le long de son parcours circonfĂ©rentiel de vie et sa quĂȘte de son Nord-OphĂ©lien. Selon les dĂ©finitions de la notion de Concept chez Hume, Hegel et Deleuze, la mise en lumiĂšre du Concept OphĂ©lien chez Dickinson sera possible. Pour cela, le poĂšte rĂ©pond Ă quatre critĂšres : avoir une base de mimesis avec OphĂ©lie â ce qui correspond Ă lâEst ; avoir la capacitĂ© dâen produire des crĂ©ations ophĂ©liennes â localisĂ©es au Sud ; aboutir Ă une innovation Ă©volutive de son art â positionnĂ©e Ă lâOuest ; et enfin, atteindre lâimmortalitĂ© â situĂ©e au Nord. Au final, cela permettra de dĂ©finir chez Emily Dickinson le Devenir-Carte OphĂ©lien et son exploitation du Concept OphĂ©lien.The Essence of Ophelia within the poetry and life of the poet is unveiled, based on a comparative study of Emily Dickinson and the diverse uses of Ophelia throughout time. This allows to put into evidence the undeniable influence of this so-called âminorâ character on Emily Dickinsonâs imagination, and her âmajorâ role on the poet and her art. Jean-Luc Nancy explains that there is a point where text and image fuse, where their borders blur and it results in a creation of a non-figurative image â which thus relies solely on individualsâ senses. Opheliaâs symbolism has an abundant amount of layers which allows innumerable interpretations, embellished by The Poet (as defined by Emerson). By leaning faithfully on Horaceâs doctrine âUt Pictura Poesis eritâ, Ophelia comes to life in the poetry of Dickinson. Horaceâs goals was to place the art of language on the same level as visual arts, thus the idea that a mute poetry (painting) is such as a vocal painting (poetry). This doctrine modifies the status of image and widens the painterâs palette. Consequently, Ophelia will be such as a silent foundation to Emily Dickinsonâs poetry, where there is no imitation but solely an artistic influence with the notion of Differentiation, lines of flight, mapping and becoming-Minor which leads to the creation of the unique. According to Keats, it can equivocate to a sovereign truth, central quest of Dickinsonâs circumferential journey. This dissertation leans on cardinal points to follow Emily Dickinson along her circumferential journey and her quest of the Ophelian North. Based on the definition of Concept by Hume, Hegel and Deleuze, the Ophelian Concept of Emily Dickinson will be brought forward. In order for that to be possible, the poet will match four criteria: have a mimesis base with Ophelia â which is found in the East, be able to create from that â located in the South, then have it lead to an innovative artistic response â positioned in the West, and finally, that immortality be attained â established in the North. This will allow a definition of Emily Dickinsonâs Ophelian Becoming-map and her use of the Ophelian Concept
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