277 research outputs found
Peripheral blood lymphocyte cell subsets in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: association with smoking, IgE and lung function
In contrast to the numerous studies which show that lymphocytes play an
important role in the pathogenesis of asthma, few studies have
investigated the role of lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of the present study was to
investigate lymphocyte subsets in peripheral venous blood of smoking and
non-smoking COPD patients and healthy controls. The interaction of smoking
and IgE has also been assessed, and it was investigated whether a lower
level of FEV1 was associated with changes in lymphocyte subsets. In the
present study, peripheral venous blood lymphocyte subsets were
investigated in 42 smoking and non-smoking, non-atopic subjects with a
clear diagnosis of COPD (43-74 years) who all used bronchodilator therapy
only, and in 24 normal, healthy control subjects (40-72 years). No
significant differences in lymphocyte subsets were found when either total
groups or smoking subjects of both groups were compared. However, the
percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes (suppressor/ cytotoxic T-cells) was
significantly higher in the non-smoking COPD subjects compared with the
non-smoking, healthy control subjects (P < 0.05). In addition, within the
group of non-smoking COPD subjects, a higher CD4:CD8 ratio was associated
with a higher FEV1 as a percentage of predicted (% pred.) (r = 0.55, P =
0.01) and a lower total serum IgE (r = -0.45, P = 0.04). Within the group
of smoking COPD subjects, a higher FEV1 % pred. was associated with a
higher percentage of CD19+ lymphocytes (B-cells) (r = 0.65, P < 0.01). The
present study provides further evidence that the changes in the balance of
T-cell subsets and IgE synthesis possibly plays a role in the pathogenesis
of COPD
Принципи реалізму і теорії націоналізму
Статтю присвячено порівняльному аналізові теорій націоналізму й теорії політичного реалізму. Здійснена спроба синтезу цих двох теоретичних формацій з метою вдосконалення пізнавального апарату політології міжнародних відносин. На підставі базових положень реалізму, розглянуто роль націоналізму, як глобальної соціальної сили в світовій політиці, а також реалістські теоретичні інтерпретації цієї сили. Особливу увагу надано витлумаченню націоналізму як фактору міжнародних конфліктів та наслідкам для систем міжнародних відносин національних державотворчих процесів.Статья посвящена сравнительному анализу теорий национализма и теории политического реализма. С целью усовершенствования познавательного аппарата политологии международных отношений, осуществлена попытка синтеза этих двух теоретических систем. На основании базовых положений реализма рассмотрена роль национализма в мировой политике, а также реалистские интерпретации этой определяющей силы современности. Особое внимание уделено интерпретации роли национализма в международных конфликтах и последствиям для международных систем процессов образования новых государств.The article deals with comparative analysis of the theories of nationalism and theory of political realism. This study aimed at methodological synthesis of these two groups of theories in order to improve a cognitive potential of political science in the sphere of its application to international relations. The role of nationalism as a global social factor and interpretation of this factor by realism is regarded. The special research attention is paid to the ways modern international conflicts and state1building processes are inspired by nationalism
Increased numbers of dendritic cells in the bronchial mucosa of atopic asthmatic patients: Downregulation by inhaled corticosteroids
Background. Dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APC) and stimulators of T cells. Dendritic cells are also likely to be essential for the initiation of allergic immune responses in the lung. However, there are not many data on the presence of dendritic cells in the airways of patients with atopic asthma and on the effects of corticosteroid-treatment on such dendritic cells. Objective. We investigated the distribution of dendritic cells in the bronchial epithelium and mucosa of 16 non-smoking atopic asthmatic patients and eight healthy control subjects using detailed immunohistochemistry (CD1a, HLA-DR, L25 as markers for dendritic cells). Methods. Eleven asthmatics were treated for 2.5 years with bronchodilators only and five with bronchodilators and inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), 800 μg daily. The patients were randomly sampled from a double-blind multicentre study. Results. There were higher numbers of CD1a+ DC (P = 0.003), L25+ DC (P = 0.002) and HLA-DR expression (P = 0.042) in the bronchial mucosa of asthmatic patients compared with healthy controls. After 2.5 years of treatment, we found a significant increase in flow expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (P = 0.009) and a significant decrease in hyperresponsiveness (PC20 histamine) (P = 0.013) in the corticosteroid group (n = 5) compared with the bronchodilator group (n = 11). This clinical improvement in the corticosteroid-treated group was accompanied by significantly lower numbers of CD1a+ DC (P=0.008), and HLA-DR expression (P=0.028) in the bronchial mucosa than in the bronchodilator-treated group. Conclusion. Our data suggest that dendritic cells are involved in asthmatic inflammation and that corticosteroids may downregulate the number of dendritic
Сутність адміністративного права за новою класифікацією юриспруденції
На основі новітніх підходів до розумінні завдань, об’єктів і класифікації юридичних наук запропонована перспектива розвитку адміністративного права і процесу, які повинні трансформуватися в нові юридичні науки: базисноантиделыктне «Адміністративне право України», процедурне «Админорегламентное право України» та у низку регулятивних юридичних наук, а також розробити Адміністративний кодекс України, Адміно-регламентній кодекс України, відповідні регулятивні кодекси.На основе новейших подходов к понимании задач, объектов и классификации юридических наук предложена перспектива развития административного права и процесса, которые должны трансформироваться в новые юридические науки: базисноантиделиктное «Административное право Украины», процедурное «Админорегламентное право Украины» и ряд регулятивных юридических наук, а также разработать Административный кодекс Украины, Админо-регламентный кодекс Украины, соответствующие регулятивные кодексы.On the basis of the newest fittings to for understanding of tasks, objects and classification of legal sciences the prospect of development of administrative law and process is offered, which must be transformed in new legal sciences: basisuntidelictical the «Administrative law of Ukraine», procedural «Administrative-reglamental law of Ukraine» and the row of regulative legal sciences, and also to develop the Administrative code of Ukraine, Administrative-reglamental code of Ukraine, proper regulative codes
Transient early wheeze and lung function in early childhood associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease genes
Background It has been hypothesized that a disturbed early lung development underlies the susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Little is known about whether subjects genetically predisposed to COPD show their first symptoms or reduced lung function in c
Long-term air pollution exposure, genome-wide DNA methylation and lung function in the lifelines cohort study
BACKGROUND: Long-term air pollution exposure is negatively associated with lung function, yet the mechanisms underlying this association are not fully clear. Differential DNA methylation may explain this association. OBJECTIVES: Our main aim was to study the association between long-term air pollution exposure and DNA methylation. METHODS: We performed a genome-wide methylation study using robust linear regression models in 1,017 subjects from the LifeLines cohort study to analyze the association between exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM2.5, fine particulate ma
Twenty-eight genetic loci associated with ST-T-wave amplitudes of the electrocardiogram
The ST-segment and adjacent T-wave (ST-T wave) amplitudes of the electrocardiogram are quantitative characteristics of cardiac repolarization. Repolarization abnormalities have been linked to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. We performed the first genome-wide association meta-analysis of ST-T-wave amplitudes in up to 37 977 individuals identifying 71 robust genotype-phenotype associations clustered within 28 independent loci. Fifty-four genes were prioritized as candidates underlying the phenotypes, including genes with established roles in the cardiac repolarization phase (SCN5A/SCN10A, KCND3, KCNB1, NOS1AP and HEY2) and others with as yet undefined cardiac function. These associations may provide insights in the spatiotemporal contribution of genetic variation influencing cardiac repolarization and provide novel leads for future functional follow-up
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