Rituelles Handeln verstehen:Soziale Morphologie und ritueller Zyklus der Person bei den Hmong in Laos und Thailand

In dieser Studie werden die Beziehungen zwischen Sozialstruktur, Kosmologie und Austauschsystemen der Hmong in Laos und Thailand untersucht. Die Analyse der Sozialstruktur fokussiert auf die Kategorien von Abstammung, Affinität und Haushalt sowie von "Fremden", v.a. "Chinesen". Die Kategorien des kosmologischen Systems umfassen Repräsentationen der Toten, der konstituierenden Teile der Person sowie der Geister inner- und außerhalb der sozialen Sphäre des Dorfes. Die Beziehungen zwischen sozialen und kosmologischen Kategorien werden in Bezug auf Legitimationsansprüche auf Land und messianische Reinkarnation analysiert. Schließlich wird das System ritueller und nicht-ritueller Austauschhandlungen untersucht. Die Analyse der Rituale des Lebenszyklus legt einen kontinuierlichen Fluss von materiellen und immateriellen Ressourcen nahe, die soziale und kosmologische Domäne in Austauschbeziehungen miteinander verbinden und für die Reproduktion der sozialen Ordnung der Hmong unerlässlich sind

The Effects of the Texas Learn, Grow, Eat, Go! Program and the Influence on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior of Children Regarding Physical Activity, Nutrition, and Perception of Health

Nutrition and physical activity has a major impact on the growth and development of children and therefore plays an important role in their lives. Proper nutrition includes the consumption of five fruits and vegetables a day. Physical activity is required for 60 minutes a day, and most of American youth are below that value. Therefore, education is needed in order to increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables and to increase physical activity in children. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge about, perceptions of, and attitudes toward nutrition, physical activity knowledge, and perception of health. Thirty-two elementary schools, representing four geographical locations, each having four 3rd grade classrooms participated in the study from Fall 2012 to Spring 2013. Students’ nutritional knowledge and physical knowledge was measured using a pre and post survey method. Statistically significant differences were found between pre and post scores of the knowledge section on both nutrition and physical activity, as well as perception of health. After completing the Texas Learn, Go! Eat! Grow! Program (LGEG) curriculum, students, regardless of age, ethnicity, and location had increased in knowledge about the benefits of eating fruits and vegetables, as well as the need for physical activity and perception of health

Vergleich der Aktivierung von Signalkaskaden und Genen durch Oncostatin M in humanen Glioblastomzellen

Oncostatin M (OSM) und Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) sind zwei Zytokine, die Effekte auf Zellen durch Bindung an den Typ I OSM-Rezeptor auslösen können. OSM kann zusätzlich an den Typ II OSM-Rezeptor binden. Eine nur durch OSM induzierte, höchstwahrscheinlich über den Typ II OSM-Rezeptor übertragene, signifikante Wachstumsinhibition auf bestimmte Tumorzellinien ist bekannt. Der Vergleich aktivierter Signalmoleküle nach Stimulation mit OSM und LIF sollte diejenigen identifizieren, die an der Übertragung dieses Effektes beteiligt sein könnten. Die meisten Proteine der Jak/Stat- und der MAPK-Signalkaskaden wurden nach Stimulation mit OSM und LIF phosphoryliert. Stat5b wurde nur nach Behandlung der Zellen mit OSM aktiviert. Insgesamt zeigte sich eine wesentlich stärkere Tyrosinphosphorylierung der Proteine nach Stimulation mit OSM. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Aktivierung des Jak-Stat- und des MAPK-Signalweges nicht ausreichend ist, um eine Wachstumsinhibition zu induzieren

Developing Extension Professionals to Develop Extension Programs: A Case Study for the Changing Face of Extension

Development of Cooperative Extension programs depends upon the skills and abilities of competent Extension professionals. The most effective manner of building program development competencies in these Extension professionals is through professional development. A wide variety of competencies are necessary for Extension professionals to develop programs, including strong interpersonal skills. Differences exist between the professional development efforts of Extension institutions and are highlighted herein. Major challenges to delivery of professional development include time and budget, but these can be overcome through planning and innovation and use of online or hybrid methods. Professional development for program development is essential to furthering Extension’s mission, especially during times of rapid change

Implementing psychiatric day treatment for infants, toddlers, preschoolers and their families: a study from a clinical and organizational perspective

Background: An increasing number of empirical studies indicate that infants, toddlers and preschoolers may suffer from non-transient mental illnesses featuring developmental psychopathology. A few innovative child psychiatric approaches have been developed to treat infants, toddlers and preschoolers and their families, but have not yet been conceptually presented and discussed in the framework of different healthcare systems. The organizational and clinical experience gained while developing specific approaches may be important across disciplines and guide future developments in psychiatric treatment of infants, toddlers, preschoolers and their families. Results: This article introduces the Preschool Family Day Hospital for Infants, Toddlers and Preschoolers and their Families at Münster University Hospital, Germany. This hospital is unique in the German healthcare system with regard to its social-service institution division of labor. Specifically, it uses an intermittent treatment approach and an integrated interactional family psychiatric approach to treat children and their parents as separate patients. This multidisciplinary, developmentally and family-oriented approach includes components of group treatments with children and separate treatments with parents. Specific techniques include video-assisted treatments of the parent–child interaction, psychiatric and psychotherapeutic treatments for parents, and conjoint family therapies that include both parents and siblings. Conclusions: The Family Day Hospital for infants, toddlers and preschoolers and their families offers innovative family-oriented treatments for those who suffer from a wide range of severe child psychiatric disorders that cannot be sufficiently treated in outpatient settings. Treatment is based on the need for family-oriented approaches to the early psychiatric treatment of infants, toddlers and preschoolers. Family day hospitals are an innovative approach to preschool child psychiatry that requires further evaluation.<br

Inter-rater reliability and aspects of validity of the parent-infant relationship global assessment scale (PIR-GAS)

Background: The Parent-Infant Relationship Global Assessment Scale (PIR-GAS) signifies a conceptually relevant development in the multi-axial, developmentally sensitive classification system DC:0-3R for preschool children. However, information about the reliability and validity of the PIR-GAS is rare. A review of the available empirical studies suggests that in research, PIR-GAS ratings can be based on a ten-minute videotaped interaction sequence. The qualification of raters may be very heterogeneous across studies. Methods: To test whether the use of the PIR-GAS still allows for a reliable assessment of the parent-infant relationship, our study compared a PIR-GAS ratings based on a full-information procedure across multiple settings with ratings based on a ten-minute video by two doctoral candidates of medicine. For each mother-child dyad at a family day hospital (N = 48), we obtained two video ratings and one full-information rating at admission to therapy and at discharge. This pre-post design allowed for a replication of our findings across the two measurement points. We focused on the inter-rater reliability between the video coders, as well as between the video and full-information procedure, including mean differences and correlations between the raters. Additionally, we examined aspects of the validity of video and full-information ratings based on their correlation with measures of child and maternal psychopathology. Results: Our results showed that a ten-minute video and full-information PIR-GAS ratings were not interchangeable. Most results at admission could be replicated by the data obtained at discharge. We concluded that a higher degree of standardization of the assessment procedure should increase the reliability of the PIR-GAS, and a more thorough theoretical foundation of the manual should increase its validity. <br

A zebrafish functional genomics model to investigate the role of human A20 variants in vivo

Germline loss-of-function variation in TNFAIP3, encoding A20, has been implicated in a wide variety of autoinflammatory and autoimmune conditions, with acquired somatic missense mutations linked to cancer progression. Furthermore, human sequence data reveals that the A20 locus contains ~ 400 non-synonymous coding variants, which are largely uncharacterised. The growing number of A20 coding variants with unknown function, but potential clinical impact, poses a challenge to traditional mouse-based approaches. Here we report the development of a novel functional genomics approach that utilizes a new A20-deficient zebrafish (Danio rerio) model to investigate the impact of TNFAIP3 genetic variants in vivo. A20-deficient zebrafish are hyper-responsive to microbial immune activation and exhibit spontaneous early lethality. Ectopic addition of human A20 rescued A20-null zebrafish from lethality, while missense mutations at two conserved A20 residues, S381A and C243Y, reversed this protective effect. Ser381 represents a phosphorylation site important for enhancing A20 activity that is abrogated by its mutation to alanine, or by a causal C243Y mutation that triggers human autoimmune disease. These data reveal an evolutionarily conserved role for TNFAIP3 in limiting inflammation in the vertebrate linage and show how this function is controlled by phosphorylation. They also demonstrate how a zebrafish functional genomics pipeline can be utilized to investigate the in vivo significance of medically relevant human TNFAIP3 gene variants.Daniele Cultrone, Nathan W. Zammit, Eleanor Self, Benno Postert, Jeremy Z. R. Han, Jacqueline Bailey ... et al