Mapping of traditional and regional varieties of apple trees and pear trees in Kroměříž area

In the present work, the current state and representation of traditional and regional fruit varieties of apple trees and pear trees in the form of high-trunk were surveyed in the territory of southeastern Kroměříž district in the region of the Litenčice Hills. The research was carried out during the years 2009 - 2013. The variety, the age of the tree, the growth characteristics (tree height, trunk thickness, crown diameter and dryness) and health status were evaluated. The record of 972 old fruit trees of apple and pear trees were registered in selected municipalities. Pomological determination was made on 840 trees, of which 700 were apple trees and 140 were pear trees. In total, 104 varieties of apples and 44 varieties of pears were found. The most common apple varieties were 'Baumannova reneta and 'Panenské české and the most common pear varieties were 'Boscova and 'Hardy. Out of the total number of fruit trees recorded, 274 were nominated for conservation in respective genepools, of which 57 were pear trees and 217 were apple trees. The main criteria for this selection were the overall condition of the tree and its perspective, the quality of the fruit, the variety and its importance. The results of this work will be used to restore and settle the existing orchards and alley in the region. The identified species and variety composition will be used for newly established thickets in the extensive farming system and involvement in the territorial system of ecological stability of the studied area.O

Studium výskytu dříve pěstovaných a krajových odrůd ovocných dřevin na Kroměřížsku

In 2009 to 2013 evidence of old and regional varieties of apple and pear trees were organized in selected municipalities in the southwest of Kromeriz region. The area is characterized by the occurrence of a large number of quality previously cultivated varieties which indicates rich fruit growing history. However, interest in their use has recently considerably dropped. Altogether 840 fruit trees were registred, including 700 apple trees in 104 varieties and 140 pear trees in 38 varieties. For the area as a truly local variety was found apple tree 'Kysňačka' and some local varieties of pear trees. Trees were evaluated in terms of varietal authenticity, health and fruit quality. The best selected clones intended for saving the gene pool were recorded in to the maps for possibility of obtaining the propagation material. The qualities of native apple cultivar juices characteristic of the monitored area were compared too. High levels of antioxidant properties characterize cider varieties 'Strymka' and 'Panenske ceske´. Today, they can be used not only for direct consumption or in food industry, but also as a potential material for further breeding and selection. Moreover, they can be used for extensive growing, as parts of orchards, alleys, windbreaks, green spots and solitary plants. They are impressive landscape elements and important parts of landscape ecosystems. During the studies there were designed and realised two gene pool orchards

Qualities of native apple cultivar juices characteristic of central Europe

During the last century due to the changes in landscape management, in country people's lives and with intensive fruit-growing the native cultivars of apple fruit trees have been gradually disappearing. The aim of the study was to compare the juices made of native apple cider cultivars. The cultivars-'Boikovo', 'Jadernicka moravska', 'Kardinal zihany', 'Panenske ceske', 'Parmena zlata zimni', 'Strymka' growing in the locality of the Litencicke Hills in the eastern part of the Czech Republic were selected. For comparison, the fruits of commercial 'Idared' cultivar were also included. The chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, phenols, flavonoids and ascorbic acid content and the influence of juices on scavenging activity of nitric oxide and hydroxyl radical were measured. The mutual ratio of examined properties which were found, provide information about qualities and possibilities of use of native cultivars. High antioxidant properties characterize the juice of native apple cultivars. In particular, the 'Strymka' cultivar contained 2,637.34 mg of AAE (ascorbic acid equivalent) per litre in case of antioxidant capacity. In the juice of this cultivar the value of 144.05 mg of ascorbic acid per litre was recorded. As regards the 'Panenske ceske' cultivar, antioxidant capacity was 2,548.38 mg of AAE l-1 and in relation to ascorbic acid, the value was 145.35 mg l-1. Similarly, high values were observed in both cultivars concerning the scavenging effect of apple juices on hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide (the 'Strymka' cultivar 16.38% and 19.26%, the 'Panenske ceske' cultivar 16.31% and 18.60%)