International Paretianism: A Defense

A treaty satisfies what we call International Paretianism (P) if it advances the interests of all states that join it, so that no state is made worse off The principle might seem obvious, but it rules out nearly all the major proposals for a climate treaty, including proposals advanced by academics and by government officials. We defend IP, and for that reason urge commentators in the debate over climate justice to abandon efforts to right past wrongs, redistribute wealth, and achieve other abstract ideals through a climate treaty. Instead, the goal should be to develop a feasible treaty that states will join because they expect to gain from it

International Paretianism: A Defense

A treaty satisfies what we call International Paretianism (P) if it advances the interests of all states that join it, so that no state is made worse off The principle might seem obvious, but it rules out nearly all the major proposals for a climate treaty, including proposals advanced by academics and by government officials. We defend IP, and for that reason urge commentators in the debate over climate justice to abandon efforts to right past wrongs, redistribute wealth, and achieve other abstract ideals through a climate treaty. Instead, the goal should be to develop a feasible treaty that states will join because they expect to gain from it

Exposure Patterns in the Digital Domain: A Demographic Analysis of Media Use and Access in the United States

In this study we examine and extend knowledge in a relatively neglected area of diversity research in the digital domain: exposure diversity. Specifically, we assess how different demographic groups use digital devices to consume media content and connect with one another. Two hundred and ninety-seven participants were surveyed about the digital media devices they have and what they do with them. We analyzed access and use in terms of users’ age, gender, race, annual income, and education. Our results confirm the persistence of a digital divide with regard to exposure diversity and continue to verify earlier findings regarding significant differences in media use and access in different demographic groups

The structure of the G protein heterotrimer G\u3csub\u3eiα1\u3c/sub\u3eβ\u3csub\u3e1\u3c/sub\u3eγ\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e

The crystallographic structure of the G protein heterotrimer Giα1(GDP)β1γ2 (at 2.3 A) reveals two nonoverlapping regions of contact between α and β, an extended interface between β and nearly all of γ, and limited interaction of α with γ. The major α/β interface covers switch II of α, and GTP-induced rearrangement of switch II causes subunit dissociation during signaling. Alterations in GDP binding in the heterotrimer (compared with α-GDP) explain stabilization of the inactive conformation of α by βγ. Repeated WD motifs in β form a circularized sevenfold β propeller. The conserved cores of these motifs are a scaffold for display of their more variable linkers on the exterior face of each propeller blade

The structure of the G protein heterotrimer Giα1β1γ2

AbstractThe crystallographic structure of the G protein heterotrimer Giα1(GDP)β1γ2 (at 2.3 A) reveals two nonoverlapping regions of contact between α and β, an extended interface between β and nearly all of γ, and limited interaction of α with γ. The major α/β interface covers switch II of α, and GTP-induced rearrangement of switch II causes subunit dissociation during signaling. Alterations in GDP binding in the heterotrimer (compared with α-GDP) explain stabilization of the inactive conformation of α by βγ. Repeated WD motifs in β form a circularized sevenfold β propeller. The conserved cores of these motifs are a scaffold for display of their more variable linkers on the exterior face of each propeller blade

Balance-of-Powers Arguments and the Structural Constitution

Balance-of-powers arguments are ubiquitous in judicial opinions and academic articles that address separation-of-powers disputes over the president\u27s removal authority, power to disregard statutes, authority to conduct foreign wars, and much else. However, the concept of the balance of powers has never received a satisfactory theoretical treatment. This Essay examines possible theories of the balance of powers and rejects them all as unworkable and normatively questionable. Judges and scholars should abandon the balance-of-powers metaphor and instead address directly whether bureaucratic innovation is likely to improve policy outcomes