Formación inicial docente y educación para la ciudadanía mundial en una universidad privada de Lima - 2022

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la formación inicial docente y la educación para la ciudadanía mundial en estudiantes de la carrera de Educación de una universidad privada de Lima en 2022. Método: La investigación es de tipo básica, no experimental, con diseño ex post facto y nivel correlacional. Se empleó un cuestionario tipo Likert, que se aplicó a una población de 99 estudiantes del décimo ciclo de la Carrera de Educación de una universidad privada de Lima. El análisis de los datos se realizó empleando el estadístico Rho de Spearman. Resultados: Existe una correlación significativa entre la formación docente y la ciudadanía mundial, con un valor de significancia p=0,000, inferior que el nivel de significancia establecido (0,05), y una correlación alta (rs = 0,512). Además, se confirmó una correlación significativa entre la formación docente y los conocimientos para la ciudadanía mundial (p=0,000), y una correlación de fuerza media (rs = 0,432). También se confirmó una correlación significativa entre la formación docente y las habilidades para la ciudadanía mundial (p=0,000), y una correlación alta (rs = 0,534). Asimismo, se confirmó una correlación significativa entre la formación docente y las actitudes para la ciudadanía mundial (p=0,000), y una correlación de fuerza media (rs = 0,468). Conclusiones: Los resultados respaldan la presencia de correlaciones significativas entre la formación docente y diversas dimensiones de la ciudadanía mundial en estudiantes del décimo ciclo en una universidad privada de Lima

Producción de tubérculos de yemas presentes en cáscara de papa con abonamiento de cepas de Trichoderma sp.

Potato consumption occurs throughout the Altiplano of Puno and among the organic wastes produced daily at home is potato peelings. The objective of this research is the production of tubers from buds present in potato peels with four strains of Trichoderma sp. The study was carried out under an experimental design with four strains of Trichoderma sp, in a randomized way with a total of 5 treatments that were distributed with two repetitions with a total of 12 experimental units, the potato peels with buds were selected, including a fertilization with four native and commercial strains of Trichoderma, some of them were codified since the species has not yet been identified, to support the growth of seedlings so, in this way, it gives value to the "organic production". The results found evidenced that the greater quantity of tubers was obtained with the strain of Trichoderma sp. 3 with 121.50 tubers/2.4m2 (10.13 tubers/plant). Followed by the strain of Trichoderma sp. 5 with 107.50 tubers/2.4m2 (8.96 tubers/plant), which statistically were similar and superior to the other treatments, while the control had less quantity of tubers with 18.50 tubers/2.4m2 (1.54 tubers/plant). Therefore, in the millenary practice of Andean wisdom, we rescued the use of native strains of Trichoderma sp. in order to contribute to the solution of human-environmental problems and the sustainable use of potato peelings in the region.El consumo de papa se realiza en todo el Altiplano de Puno y entre los desechos orgánicos producidos diariamente en el hogar se encuentra la cáscara de papa. El objetivo de la investigación es la producción de tubérculos a partir de yemas presentes en cáscaras de papa con cuatro cepas de Trichoderma sp. El estudio se realizó bajo un diseño experimental con cuatro cepas de Trichoderma sp., en forma al azar con un total de 5 tratamientos distribuidas con dos repeticiones con un total de 12 unidades experimentales, se seleccionó las cáscaras de papa con yemas, incluyendo un abonamiento con cuatro cepas nativas y comerciales de Trichoderma, para favorecer el crecimiento de plántulas, dándose mayor valor a la “producción orgánica”. Los resultados encontrados evidencian que la mayor cantidad de tubérculos se logró con cepa de Trichoderma sp. 3 con 121.50 tubérculos/2.4m2 (10.13 tubérculos/planta); seguido de la cepa de Trichoderma sp. 5 con 107.50 tubérculos/2.4m2 (8.96 tubérculos/planta), los cuales estadísticamente fueron similares y superiores a los demás tratamientos. Mientras el testigo tuvo menor cantidad de tubérculos con 18.50 tubérculos/2.4m2 (1.54 tubérculos/planta). Por tanto, en la práctica milenaria de la sabiduría andina rescatamos el uso de cepas nativas de Trichoderma sp., para así contribuir en la solución de los problemas humano-ambientales y el uso sostenible de la cascara de papa en la región

Educación y COVID-19: análisis de las políticas educativas en el Perú

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la respuesta del sistema educativo peruano para asegurar el derecho a la educación de las personas en el marco de la emergencia por el COVID-19, así como las consecuencias que se generaron. Dentro del enfoque cualitativo, se utilizó la técnica del análisis cualitativo de documentos (QDA) y el análisis temático como estrategia de análisis. La muestra incluyó 16 documentos oficiales que emitió el gobierno en materia de política educativa durante la pandemia. Los resultados muestran que el sistema educativo respondió a la emergencia con un conjunto de políticas y estrategias de carácter reactivo y provisional, orientadas a garantizar la continuidad del servicio educativo, principalmente a través de la educación a distancia. Además, las medidas del gobierno contemplaron los aspectos pedagógicos y curriculares para la emergencia, así como los tecnológicos y de gestión docente; aunque, sin un plan que considere las condiciones reales de conectividad de la población estudiantil. La discusión de los hallazgos muestra que el Estado se enfrentó al desafío de la falta de equipamiento y de conectividad de los docentes y estudiantes, especialmente de poblaciones vulnerables y de zonas rurales, sumado a la prolongación de la pandemia. Ello agravó la desigualdad en el acceso al servicio educativo, lo que constituye la vulneración del criterio básico del derecho a la educación

Design of financial incentive interventions to improve lifestyle behaviors and health outcomes: A systematic review [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]

Background: Financial incentives may improve the initiation and engagement of behaviour change that reduce the negative outcomes associated with non-communicable diseases. There is still a paucity in guidelines or recommendations that help define key aspects of incentive-oriented interventions, including the type of incentive (e.g. cash rewards, vouchers), the frequency and magnitude of the incentive, and its mode of delivery. We aimed to systematically review the literature on financial incentives that promote healthy lifestyle behaviours or improve health profiles, and focused on the methodological approach to define the incentive intervention and its delivery. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO on 26 July 2018 (CRD42018102556). Methods: We sought studies in which a financial incentive was delivered to improve a health-related lifestyle behaviour (e.g., physical activity) or a health profile (e.g., HbA1c in people with diabetes). The search (which took place on March 3rd 2018) was conducted using OVID (MEDLINE and Embase), CINAHL and Scopus. Results: The search yielded 7,575 results and 37 were included for synthesis. Of the total, 83.8% (31/37) of the studies were conducted in the US, and 40.5% (15/37) were randomised controlled trials. Only one study reported the background and rationale followed to develop the incentive and conducted a focus group to understand what sort of incentives would be acceptable for their study population. There was a degree of consistency across the studies in terms of the direction, form, certainty, and recipient of the financial incentives used, but the magnitude and immediacy of the incentives were heterogeneous. Conclusions: The available literature on financial incentives to improve health-related lifestyles rarely reports on the rationale or background that defines the incentive approach, the magnitude of the incentive and other relevant details of the intervention, and the reporting of this information is essential to foster its use as potential effective interventions

Design of financial incentive interventions to improve lifestyle behaviors and health outcomes: A systematic review [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations]

Background: Financial incentives may improve the initiation and engagement of behaviour change that reduce the negative outcomes associated with non-communicable diseases. There is still a paucity in guidelines or recommendations that help define key aspects of incentive-oriented interventions, including the type of incentive (e.g. cash rewards, vouchers), the frequency and magnitude of the incentive, and its mode of delivery. We aimed to systematically review the literature on financial incentives that promote healthy lifestyle behaviours or improve health profiles, and focused on the methodological approach to define the incentive intervention and its delivery. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO on 26 July 2018 (CRD42018102556). Methods: We sought studies in which a financial incentive was delivered to improve a health-related lifestyle behaviour (e.g., physical activity) or a health profile (e.g., HbA1c in people with diabetes). The search (which took place on March 3rd 2018) was conducted using OVID (MEDLINE and Embase), CINAHL and Scopus. Results: The search yielded 7,575 results and 37 were included for synthesis. Of the total, 83.8% (31/37) of the studies were conducted in the US, and 40.5% (15/37) were randomised controlled trials. Only one study reported the background and rationale followed to develop the incentive and conducted a focus group to understand what sort of incentives would be acceptable for their study population. There was a degree of consistency across the studies in terms of the direction, form, certainty, and recipient of the financial incentives used, but the magnitude and immediacy of the incentives were heterogeneous. Conclusions: The available literature on financial incentives to improve health-related lifestyles rarely reports on the rationale or background that defines the incentive approach, the magnitude of the incentive and other relevant details of the intervention, and the reporting of this information is essential to foster its use as potential effective interventions

Family Support and Diabetes: Patient's Experiences From a Public Hospital in Peru.

Family support is crucial for managing chronic conditions but it is often overlooked when designing behavioral interventions in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). As part of the formative phase of a feasibility randomized control trial (RCT), we conducted 20 semistructured interviews with people with T2DM from Lima, Peru. Based on such results, we describe the support people with T2DM receive from their families and the role that such support has in their efforts to implement diabetes management practices. We learned that participants receive support from family members, but mostly from their spouses and children. Their relatives encourage them and motivate them to fight for their health, they also provide instrumental support by preparing healthy meals, reminding them to take medications, and sharing physical activity. Participants also reported controlling actions which were not always "well received." Thus, any intervention supporting self-management practices need to work with key family members. We support the literature that suggests that interventions should target family members to ensure improved T2DM self-management practices

Adaptación de inteligencia artificial por el modelo de regresión múltiple estocástica para determinar la calidad de la fibra de alpaca (Lama pacos)

The application of artificial intelligence based on the multiple linear regression model with stochastic descending gradient is described in order to determine the quality of the white Huacaya alpaca fibre. In total, 1200 fibres corresponding to six alpaca samples were analysed. The fibres were characterized by optical microscopy and with the optical fibre diameter analyser (OFDA 100) equipment. Fibre diameter, medulla diameter, percentage of medullation by volume, comfort factor, and objectionable fibres were considered as independent variables, and the “Soft” factor was considered as a response variable. This last variable resulting from the difference in the comfort factor and objectionable fibres served to give a logical order to the data matrix and obtain an accurate prediction model. The average values were 26.80 ± 6.95 for the fibre diameter, 14.10 ± 5.92 for the medulla diameter, 24.75 ± 13.20 µm for the percentage of medullation by volume and 71.56 ± 13.04% for the comfort factor. The machine learning multiple linear regression modelling fitted a small sample size with high precision, showing minimal errors, and optimized with the stochastic gradient descent algorithm predicted a Soft factor very close to the observed Soft factor. It is concluded that the multiple linear regression technique with the stochastic approach satisfies the prediction of the new factor called "soft" and that it represents the appropriate modelling for the prediction of fibre quality in the textile industry.Se describe la aplicación de inteligencia artificial basada en el modelo de regresión lineal múltiple con gradiente descendiente estocástica con la finalidad de determinar la calidad de la fibra de alpaca Huacaya de color blanco. Se analizaron 1200 fibras correspondientes a seis muestras de alpaca. Las fibras se caracterizaron mediante microscopía óptica y con el equipo analizador óptico de diámetro de fibra (OFDA 100). Se consideraron como variables independientes al diámetro de fibra, diámetro de médula, porcentaje de medulación por volumen, factor de confort, fibras objetables y como variable de respuesta al factor “Soft”. Esta última variable resultante de la diferencia del factor de confort y fibras objetables sirvió para darle un ordenamiento lógico a la matriz de datos y obtener un modelo de predicción preciso. Los valores promedio fueron 26.80±6.95 para el diámetro de fibra, 14.10±5.92 en diámetro de medula, 24.75±13.20 μm para el porcentaje de medulación por volumen y 71.56± 13.04% para el factor de confort. El modelamiento de regresión lineal múltiple de machine learning se adaptó con gran precisión a un tamaño muestral pequeño, mostrando errores mínimos, y optimizado con el algoritmo de gradiente descendiente estocástico predijo un factor Soft muy cercano al factor Soft observado. Se concluye que la técnica de regresión lineal múltiple con el enfoque estocástico satisface la predicción del nuevo factor denominado “soft” y que representa el modelamiento adecuado para la predicción de calidad de fibras en la industria textil

Recuperación de oro y plata de minerales sulfurados en una matriz de cuarzo

The mineral That is matter of the present work of investigation comes from the department of the Libertad, province of Otuzco, the mining company Koricolqui S.A. The study by the x- rays diffraction confi rms that the greater component of the sample is guartz in 91,74 %. In the characteristic of the sample by the method by polarizing microscope of refl ected light, the following minerals are observed: electrum, arsenopirita, marcasite, calcosita, galena, esfalerita, rutilo, goethite, tetraedita and gangues; which are like very small particles that they make diffi cult his treatment. The tests of fl otation of the initial sample are not satisfactory because the recoveries are as much for low gold and silver that is of 59,11% and 52,51% respectively. For that reason previously I am made a preconcentration with the centrifugal “Falcon” and relave of the “Falcon” just enters the fl otation process. The results in these conditions improve substantially arriving at recoveries from gold and silver from 85,67% and 75,72% respectively with a granulometría from 66% -200 mesh. Parallelly cyaniding tests were run with the initial sample stops: 12,18,24,30 and 36 hours, with the same granulometría that work in the fl otation. The results indicate that even 36 hours of leaching a gold recovery is obtained of 81,21%, however for the silver is low in 49,81%.El mineral que es materia del presente trabajo de investigación proviene del departamento de la Libertad, provincia de Otuzco,de la compañía minera Koricolqui S.A. El estudio por difracción de rayos x confi rma que el mayor componente de la muestra es cuarzo en un 91,74 %. En la caracterización de la muestra por el método de microscopía polarizante de luz refl ejada, se observan los siguientes minerales: electrum, arsenopirita, marcasita, calcosita, calcopirita, galena, esfalerita, rutilo, goethita, tetraedrita y gangas; los cuales se encuentran como partículas muy pequeñas que difi cultan su tratamiento. Las pruebas de fl otación de la muestra inicial no son satisfactorias porque las recuperaciones son bajas tanto para oro y plata que es de 59,11% y 52,51% respectivamente. Por eso previamente se realizó una preconcentración con el centrífugo “Falcon” y el relave del “Falcon” recién entra al proceso de fl otación. Los resultados en estas condiciones mejora sustancialmente llegando a recuperaciones de oro y plata de 85,67% y 75,72% respectivamente con una granulometría de 64% - 200 malla. Paralelamente se corrieron pruebas de cianuración con la muestra inicial para: 12, 18, 24, 30 y 36 horas, con la misma granulometría que se trabajó en la fl otación. Los resultados indican que para 36 horas de lixiviación se obtiene una recuperación de oro de 81,21%, en cambio para la plata es baja en un 49,81%

Design of financial incentive interventions to improve lifestyle behaviors and health outcomes: A systematic review

Background: Financial incentives may improve the initiation and engagement of behaviour change that reduce the negative outcomes associated with non-communicable diseases. There is still a paucity in guidelines or recommendations that help define key aspects of incentive-oriented interventions, including the type of incentive (e.g. cash rewards, vouchers), the frequency and magnitude of the incentive, and its mode of delivery.  We aimed to systematically review the literature on financial incentives that promote healthy lifestyle behaviours or improve health profiles, and focused on the methodological approach to define the incentive intervention and its delivery. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO on 26 July 2018 ( CRD42018102556). Methods: We sought studies in which a financial incentive was delivered to improve a health-related lifestyle behaviour (e.g., physical activity) or a health profile (e.g., HbA1c in people with diabetes). The search (which took place on March 3 rd 2018) was conducted using OVID (MEDLINE and Embase), CINAHL and Scopus. Results: The search yielded 7,575 results and 37 were included for synthesis. Of the total, 83.8% (31/37) of the studies were conducted in the US, and 40.5% (15/37) were randomised controlled trials. Only one study reported the background and rationale followed to develop the incentive and conducted a focus group to understand what sort of incentives would be acceptable for their study population. There was a degree of consistency across the studies in terms of the direction, form, certainty, and recipient of the financial incentives used, but the magnitude and immediacy of the incentives were heterogeneous. Conclusions: The available literature on financial incentives to improve health-related lifestyles rarely reports on the rationale or background that defines the incentive approach, the magnitude of the incentive and other relevant details of the intervention, and the reporting of this information is essential to foster its use as potential effective interventions