ROLE OF HYPERTENSION AND SUPRAVENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS IN COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS: THE CURRENT PROBLEM STATE

The causes of cognitive impairments (CI) in patients with arterial hypertension and supraventricular arrhythmias and CI prevalence rate in these patients are presented in details

Application of dynamic electroneurostimulation in treatment of bronchial asthma in children

Доказана клиническая эффективность применения динамической электронейростимуляции у детей с бронхиальной астмой, что способствовало позитивной динамике клинических данных, нормализации психоэмоционального и вегетативного гомеостаза. Данная методика безопасная, удобна в использовании, что позволяет рекомендовать ДЕНС для лечения детей на стационарном и амбулаторном этапах.Clinical effectively of dynamic electroneurostimulation application in children with bronchial asthma has been proved. It has promoted to positive dynamic of clinical data, normalization of psychoemotional, vegetative homeostasis. This methodic is safe, comfortable in using and can be recommended for hospital and ambulatory treatment of children

Impact of resilience enhancing programs on youth surviving the Beslan school siege

The objective of this study was to evaluate a resilience-enhancing program for youth (mean age = 13.32 years) from Beslan, North Ossetia, in the Russian Federation. The program, offered in the summer of 2006, combined recreation, sport, and psychosocial rehabilitation activities for 94 participants, 46 of who were taken hostage in the 2004 school tragedy and experienced those events first hand. Self-reported resilience, as measured by the CD-RISC, was compared within subjects at the study baseline and at two follow-up assessments: immediately after the program and 6 months later. We also compared changes in resilience levels across groups that differed in their traumatic experiences. The results indicate a significant intra-participant mean increase in resilience at both follow-up assessments, and greater self-reported improvements in resilience processes for participants who experienced more trauma events

Esterification of malic acid on various catalysts

Objectives. The study aims to identify the optimal choice of an effective catalyst for the esterification of malic acid to produce esters of high purity. Methods. To determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of reaction masses, the following analysis methods were used: mass-spectroscopy (using FinniganTrace DSQ device with NIST 2002, Xcalibur 1.31 Sp 5 database) and gas–liquid chromatography (using the Kristall 2000M software and hardware complex). Results. Esters of malic acid and butyl alcohol of normal structure were synthesized using the following catalysts: sulfuric, orthophosphoric, p-toluenesulfonic acid, Amberlyst 36 Dry, Amberlyst 36 Wet, KU-2-FPP, and KIF-T. The obtained products were analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography. The structure of the products was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Schemes for the formation of byproducts are proposed. The yields and purity of the malic acid butyl esters obtained using different catalysts were evaluated. The results show that the heterogeneous catalyst Amberlyst 36 Dry is optimal for obtaining a pure malic acid ester with a maximum yield. Conclusions. The results show that during the esterification of malic acid with butyl alcohol of normal structure, byproducts, such as esters of fumaric and maleic acids, are formed using different catalysts. An accumulation of byproducts occurs as a result of reactions of dehydration of malic acid or its ester. The results also show that the number of byproducts is almost independent of the catalyst, with the exception of sulfuric acid. The Amberlyst 36 Dry catalyst provides an optimal ratio between conversion and selectivity for malic acid dibutyl ester production

Этерификация яблочной кислоты на различных катализаторах

Objectives. The study aims to identify the optimal choice of an effective catalyst for the esterification of malic acid to produce esters of high purity. Methods. To determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of reaction masses, the following analysis methods were used: mass-spectroscopy (using FinniganTrace DSQ device with NIST 2002, Xcalibur 1.31 Sp 5 database) and gas–liquid chromatography (using the Kristall 2000M software and hardware complex). Results. Esters of malic acid and butyl alcohol of normal structure were synthesized using the following catalysts: sulfuric, orthophosphoric, p-toluenesulfonic acid, Amberlyst 36 Dry, Amberlyst 36 Wet, KU-2-FPP, and KIF-T. The obtained products were analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography. The structure of the products was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Schemes for the formation of byproducts are proposed. The yields and purity of the malic acid butyl esters obtained using different catalysts were evaluated. The results show that the heterogeneous catalyst Amberlyst 36 Dry is optimal for obtaining a pure malic acid ester with a maximum yield. Conclusions. The results show that during the esterification of malic acid with butyl alcohol of normal structure, byproducts, such as esters of fumaric and maleic acids, are formed using different catalysts. An accumulation of byproducts occurs as a result of reactions of dehydration of malic acid or its ester. The results also show that the number of byproducts is almost independent of the catalyst, with the exception of sulfuric acid. The Amberlyst 36 Dry catalyst provides an optimal ratio between conversion and selectivity for malic acid dibutyl ester production. Цели. Обосновать выбор эффективного катализатора этерификации яблочной кислоты для получения сложных эфиров высокой степени чистоты. Методы. Для определения качественного и количественного состава реакционных масс были использованы следующие методы анализа: масс-спектроскопия (на приборе FinniganTrace DSQ c базой NIST 2002, Xcalibur 1.31. Sp 5) и газожидкостная хроматография (на аппаратно-программном комплексе «Кристалл 2000М»). Результаты. Синтезированы сложные эфиры яблочной кислоты и бутилового спирта нормального строения на следующих катализаторах: серная, ортофосфорная, п-толуолсульфокислота, Amberlyst 36 Drу, Amberlyst 36 Wet, КУ-2-ФПП и КИФ-Т. Полученные продукты проанализированы методом газожидкостной хроматографии. Строение продуктов подтверждено масс-спектрометрическим методом. Предложены схемы образования побочных продуктов. Оценены выходы и чистота бутилового эфира яблочной кислоты, полученного на разных катализаторах. Показано, что для получения чистого сложного эфира яблочной кислоты с максимальным выходом оптимальным является гетерогенный катализатор Amberlyst 36 Drу. Выводы. Установлено, что при этерификации яблочной кислоты бутиловым спиртом нормального строения на разных катализаторах образуются побочные продукты – сложные эфиры фумаровой и малеиновой кислот. Накопление побочных продуктов происходит в результате реакций дегидратации яблочной кислоты или его сложного эфира. Показано, что количество побочных продуктов практически не зависит от катализатора, за исключением серной кислоты. Для получения дибутилового эфира яблочной кислоты рекомендуется использовать сульфокатионит Amberlyst 36 Dry, обеспечивающий оптимальное соотношение между конверсией и селективностью.

ProMMP-1 PRODUCTION BY CULTIVATED CELLS OF VASCULAR ENDОTHELIUM IN VITRO AND IN A HUMAN BODY

Abstract. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are structurally related endopeptidase composed of active sites which include ions Zn2+ and Ca2+. Cultured cells of human blood vessels produce MMP-1, proteolytic effect is aimed at splitting the collagen I and III types, and subsequent vascular remodeling. MMP-1 is synthesized as an inactive zymogen proMMP-1. It was shown that interferon alpha, beta and gamma inhibited production by culture of HUVEC proenzyme MMP-1, which seems to characterize their anti-angiogenic action. The effect of immunomodulators is more difficult to explain: perhaps inhibiting effect of imunofan and, as well as activating effect of cycloferon due to their internal structural peculiarities. The action of interferon alpha, beta and gamma, used as HUVEC before infection with HSV-1, and after it led to decrease in production proMMP-1. Apparently, the antiangiogenic effect of IFN is saved in the case of infection of cultures of vascular endothelium with HSV-1. Scatter in the content of proMMP-1 in the serum of blood donors was 1.625–11.8 ng/ml and in patients with chronic microbial-viral infections was 1.22–21.16 ng/ml. Higher rates of proMMP-1 were in older patients group. To estimate the system of MMP in vitro, and in the body a comprehensive study must be conducted, including proMMP-1, the active form of proenzyme and specific inhibitor of MMP-1

The role of genetic polymorphism of the filaggrin protein with atopic march progression in children

The aim of the study. To determine the role of genetic polymorphism in the filaggrin gene R501XAA and 2282de4AA at atopic march progression in children. Materials and methods. 111 children aged 3 to 12 years with atopic dermatitis were selected and examined. As a result of genetic testing, it was found that 51 children with atopic dermatitis had polymorphism in the filaggrin gene. These patients were included in the main group. Another 60 children without polymorphism were in the control group. The filaggrin gene polymorphism was determined by examining the buccal epithelium by Dellaporta method. Sensitization to allergens was established on the basis of the specific IgE level. The impact of the disease on the quality of life of children was performed using the CDLQI questionnaire (Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index). Results. In the course of molecular genetics research, R501X mutation was detected in 40 ((78.4 ± 5.76)%) children, 2282del4 polymorphism – in 4 ((7.8 ± 3.76)%) patients, and their combined variant R501X + 2282del4 – in 7 (13%), (7 ± 4.81)% patients. When determining the effect of filaggrin polymorphism on the clinical course of atopic dermatitis, the presence of the associative relationship was established with the following indicators: the early onset of the disease – χ2 = 33.2, mostly severe course – χ2 = 16.2, severe skin dryness – χ2 = 22.6, predominant sensitization to fungi – χ2 = 10.6 and house dust mites – χ2 = 12.2, violation of the skin microbiome – χ2 = 7.8. Conclusions. Early manifestation of atopic dermatitis in children is associated with the filaggrin protein gene polymorphism ((82.4 ± 5.33)%), which determines the risk of progression of the atopic march and the development of bronchial asthma in (38.0 ± 6.8)% of children. Keywords: children, atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, filaggrin

URGENCY OF THE CHOICE OF THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE PLATE AT NAKOSTN THE OSTEOSYNTHESIS OF FRACTURES OF THE CLAVICLE IN A AVERAGE THIRD

Research of 42 patients with the closed changes of a diaphysis of a clavicle to which at a nakostny osteosynthesis plates in 22 cases on the top surface of a clavicle were established, and in 20 - on a forward surface is carried out. The rentgenografiya method is used, and also the analysis of value judgment is carried out by the patients of own condition. The plate arrangement on a forward surface of a clavicle led to decrease in number of complications, increase of stability and durability of fixing of a change