Soil and Lithostratigraphy Below the Loveland/Sicily Island Silt, Crowley\u27s Ridge, Arkansas

Two stratigraphic units between the Loveland/Sicily Island Silt and the Pliocene sand and gravel on Crowley\u27s Ridge were analyzed to determine their origin and assess the degree of pedogenic development. The Crowley\u27s Ridge Loess, the upper unit, was up to 2.6 m thick, was not laterally continuous, and contained a well developed paleosol. The lower unit was a several meter thick sandy facies of the Pliocene sand and gravel which contained a weak paleosol. Particle size analysis revealed that the upper unit exhibited texture similar to the overlying loess units, with unimodal silt comprising greater than 95% of the clay-free material. The lower unit has a bimodal distribution with modes of medium sand and coarse silt, that is bedded and cross-bedded below the pedogenic horizons. Thin sections of pedogenic horizons in both units revealed clay films that are strongly oriented and abundant in the Bhorizons with most voids occurring in the AB horizons. In conclusion, there are four loess units on Crowley\u27s Ridge. A significant period of weathering followed deposition of the oldest widespread loess with at least a short period of weathering following the deposition of the sandy Pliocene alluvium

Dietary Supplements: International Standards and Trade Agreements

The dietary supplement industry has long been concerned about international activities that could have a potential impact on supplement trade. As originally proposed, FDA reform legislation contained provisions on mutual agreements and global harmonization that would have applied to most products under FDA jurisdiction. However, Congress explicitly exempted supplements from the final provisions of the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997 (P.L. 105-115), which means that these products are not part of on-going trade discussions

Food Labeling: Allergy Information

Media attention to food allergies is the result of the recent tracking of food allergy sufferers and a clear rise in the number of affected individuals. Several efforts are underway to improve the ability of individuals who have a food allergy to avoid products that cause symptoms that can range from mild to serious. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Food Allergy Issues Alliance each have released guidelines to address the issues of labeling and cross-contamination. Nine state attorneys general have petitioned FDA for stricter rules, which are also supported by some consumer groups. The FY2002 agriculture appropriations bill directed FDA to address and report on cross-contamination; however, this report had not yet been submitted. Most recently, the Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-282) was enacted on August 2, 2004. This report will provide background on food allergies and review efforts to provide improved labeling information for food allergy sufferers; it will be updated to reflect legislative or other activity

Infant Formula: National Problems

This report discusses congressional concerns regarding infant formula that was deficient in a required nutrient

Shoreline change, seawalls, and coastal property values

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2015. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ocean & Coastal Management 114 (2015): 185-193, doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.06.025.We investigate the effects of shoreline change and protective structures (seawalls) on home values, using data on residences sold between 2000 and 2010 in the coastal towns of Marshfield, Duxbury, and Plymouth, Massachusetts. These towns comprise shorelines that exhibit moderate rates of shoreline change, relative to other shorelines in the state, with extensive armoring. We investigate explicitly the effects of hard structural protection in combination with environmental amenities and hazards (distance to a beach, elevation of a property, location in a flood zone). We find that homeowners pay a premium in housing markets for nearshore properties protected by nature (higher elevations or more stable shorelines) or by humans (seawalls). The average marginal increase in nearshore property values associated with a 1m rise in elevation is 2 percent, a 1m (horizontal distance) decrease in the erosion rate is 0.2 percent, and location behind a seawall is 10 percent. The effects of erosion, elevation, and seawalls appear to be limited to properties located in close proximity to water or to oceanfront residences. Overall, the benefits of access to ocean amenities dominate the risks of exposures to hazards associated with shoreline change.This article was prepared under award number NA10OAR4170083 (WHOI Sea Grant Omnibus) from the US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Northeast Regional Sea Grant Consortium project 2014-R/P-NERR-14-1-REG); award number GEO-0815875 from the US National Science Foundation (Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems [CNH]); award number NSF/OCE 1325430 from the US National Science Foundation; and with support from the J. Seward Johnson Fund in Support of the Marine Policy Center and the John E. Sawyer Endowed Fund

Prospectus, February 28, 2007

https://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_2007/1006/thumbnail.jp