Catalytic Conversion of Organosolv Lignins to Phenolic Monomers in Different Organic Solvents and Effect of Operating Conditions on Yield with Methyl Isobutyl Ketone

Catalytic depolymerization of organosolv lignin to phenolic monomers with zeolites was investigated under various operating conditions. H-USY (Si/Al molar ratio = 5) outperformed H-USY with Si/Al ratios of 50 and 250, H-BEA, H-ZSM5, and fumed SiO₂ to produce the highest phenolic monomer yield from a commercial organosolv lignin in methanol at 300 °C for 1 h. It was then further investigated in the presence of acetone, ethyl acetate, methanol, and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) on the depolymerization of organosolv bagasse lignin (BGL). The total highest phenolic monomer yield of 10.6 wt % was achieved with MIBK at 350 °C for 1 h with a catalyst loading of 10 wt %. A final total phenolic monomer yield of 19.4 wt % was obtained with an initial H₂ pressure of 2 MPa under similar processing conditions. The main phenolic monomers obtained are guaiacol (7.9 wt %), 4-ethylphenol (6.0 wt %), and phenol (3.4 wt %). The solvent properties were used to account for the differences in phenolic monomer yields obtained with different organic solvents