Agricultores ecológicos e relações entre estado nutricional, alimentação e agrobiodiversidade

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas, Florianópolis, 2013.A recente discussão das consequências do atual sistema de produção de alimentos para a saúde humana e a atual transição nutricional da população brasileira estão abrindo espaço para um modelo de produção que seja mais coerente com o conceito de segurança alimentar e nutricional, a Agroecologia. O estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar as práticas alimentares e o estado nutricional dos agricultores que praticam a agricultura na perspectiva da agroecologia e se este modo de produção se refletiu nas escolhas alimentares, no estado nutricional dos mesmos e na conservação de variedades tradicionais. A pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, foi delineada como estudo de caso e realizada com famílias de produtores de alimentos orgânicos, certificadas e ligadas à Associação de Agricultores Ecológicos das Encostas da Serra Geral (AGRECO) e à Acolhida na Colônia, nos municípios de Santa Rosa de Lima, Anitápolis, Gravatal e Imaruí, em Santa Catarina. A coleta de dados aconteceu por meio de questionários estruturados sobre alimentação, doenças autorreferidas e produção nas propriedades. Foram coletados também medidas antropométricas como peso e altura para cálculo de IMC e circunferência da cintura (CC). Evidenciou-se alta prevalência de sobrepeso, obesidade, obesidade abdominal e de hipertensão arterial, que tiveram associação com sexo e idade. O sexo feminino apresentou maior tendência à obesidade abdominal e à obesidade global. Os resultados mostram também uma forte associação entre excesso de peso, obesidade abdominal e a hipertensão arterial. Identificaram-se práticas alimentares saudáveis, como fazer pequenos lanches entre as refeições e maior consumo de alimentos protetores, porém parte do grupo estudado consome alimentos de risco para a saúde. O consumo destes alimentos de risco está inversamente relacionado ao consumo dos alimentos protetores. Os agricultores que trabalham com agroturismo apresentaram maior consumo de verduras e legumes, alimentos integrais e menos consumo de fritura e suco em pó. Os agricultores com maior tempo de associação na AGRECO têm produção de alimentos mais diversificada nas suas propriedades e uma tendência a aderirem às práticas alimentares saudáveis. Além disso, esse grupo apresentou valores menores de IMC. Assim, o modelo produtivo ecológico pode influenciar na diversificação de cultivos, nas práticas alimentares e no IMC. Contudo, a agroecologia por si só não garante uma alimentação saudável e a conservação de variedades tradicionais. Outros fatores, como os culturais e os ambientais, também são decisivos na agricultura, na formação dos hábitos alimentares e interferem no estado de saúde da população. Abstract : The recent discussion of the current food system consequences for human health and the current nutrition transition of Brazilian population are taking place for a production model which is more coherent with the food and nutrition security concept, Agroecology. The study aimed to evaluate dietary practices and nutritional status of farmers practicing agroecology and if this production models reflected in the food choices, nutritional status and traditional varieties conservation. The research of qualitative and quantitative approach, was designed as a case study conducted with families and producers of organic food, certified and linked to the Associação de Agricultores Ecológicos das Encostas da Serra Geral (AGRECO) and Acolhida na Colônia, in the municipalities of Santa Rosa de Lima, Anitápolis, Gravatal and Imaruí in Santa Catarina. The techniques of data collection were structured questionnaires on feeding, self-reported diseases and farm production. Also, anthropometric measurements such as weight and height to calculate BMI and waist circumference (WC) were collected. It was evidenced a high prevalence of overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity and hypertension that were associated with age and sex. Females had greater tendency to obesity and global abdominal obesity. The results also showed a high association between overweight, obesity and hypertension. It was identified healthy eating habits as making small snacks between meals and higher protectors food consumption, but a portion of the studied group consumes food with health risk. The consumption of these risk food is inversely related to the consumption of protectors foods. Farmers who work with gite had higher consumption of vegetables, whole foods and less consumption of fry and powdered juice. Farmers with longer association in the AGRECO have more diversified food production in their farms and a tendency to incorporate healthy eating habits. Moreover, this group presented lower values of BMI. Thus, the agroecological model production can influence the crop diversification, the food habits and the BMI. However, the agroecology by itself does not ensure a healthy diet and conservation of traditional varieties. Other factors, such as cultural and environmental, are also crucial in agriculture, eating habits and affect the health status of the population

UMA ANÁLISE INTERTEXTUAL DA MITOLOGIA GREGA NO POEMA ODE TO A NIGHTINGALE DE JOHN KEATS

Esse trabalho apresenta um breve estudo que visa estabelecer uma relação entre o poema “Ode to a Nightingale” (1819), de John Keats, e a Mitologia Grega. Como arcabouço teórico para esta relação, os conceitos de mimese e contribuições da intertextualidade são trazidos durante a análise crítica do texto. A obra de John Keats é fruto do movimento romântico e, a partir de nossa investigação acerca desses aspectos do poema, as considerações finais desse estudo interpretam-se de modo que o eu lírico, elencando as diversas referencias mitológicas que emergem no texto, acessa poeticamente o plano mimético e intertextual que, aqui, mais nos interessa

Resistir para existir : campanha de intervenção urbana para indígenas em retomada

O Brasil, desde sua fundação, é uma invenção, uma invasão contínua de um território indígena que era povoado por mais de mil etnias diversas. A história do Brasil é marcada pelo assassinato e apagamento das tradições dos povos originários. Os indígenas urbanos, que caracterizam-se por habitarem áreas marginalizadas de cidades, sem necessária proximidade com indígenas aldeados, não são reconhecidos pelo Estado e possuem demandas próprias, igualmente urgentes, na busca pela redução do seu apagamento histórico. Este trabalho propõe uma campanha de intervenção urbana localizada nos bairros Cidade Baixa e Centro Histórico com o objetivo de contribuir para a visibilidade da comunidade do Centro de Referência Indígena-Afro da região central de Porto Alegre. A partir da ótica do design anthropology, com o apoio do Human-Centered Design foi selecionada a metodologia do diamante duplo composta por quatro etapas: descobrir, contemplando a imersão no tema; definir, onde há a especificação do escopo e diretrizes do projeto; desenvolver, composta por dinâmicas de geração de alternativas; e entregar, momento de prototipação, testes, estudo de viabilidade financeira e avaliação do produto final junto ao público-alvo.Brazil, since its foundation, is an invention, a continuous invasion of an indigenous territory that was inhabited by more than a thousand different ethnic groups. The history of Brazil is marked by the murder and erasure of native people’s traditions. Urban indigenous people, who are characterized by inhabiting marginalized areas of cities, without contact with indigenous who live in native villages, are not recognized by the State and have their own demands, equally urgent, in the search for reducing their historical erasure. This work proposes an urban intervention campaign located in the Cidade Baixa and Centro Histórico neighborhoods with the objective of contributing to the visibility of the Centro de Referência Indígena-Afro’s comunity in the central region of Porto Alegre. From the perspective of design anthropology, with the support of Human-Centered Design, the double diamond methodology was selected, comprising four stages: discovering, the immersion in the theme; define, the specification of the scope and guidelines of the project; develop, composed of dynamics of generating alternatives; and deliver, prototyping, testing, financial feasibility study and final product validation with the target audience

Analysis of errors in histology by root cause analysis: a pilot study

Introduction. The study objective is to evaluate critical points in the process of pre-analytical histology in an Anatomic Pathology laboratory. Errors are an integral part of human systems, includ- ing the complex system of Anatomic Pathology. Previous studies focused on errors committed in diagnosis and did not consider the issues related to the histology preparation of routine processes. Methods. Root Cause Analysis was applied to the process of histology preparation in order to identify the root cause of each previously identified problem. The analysis started by defining an ?a priori? list of errors that could occur in the histology prepara- tion processes. During a three-month period, a trained technician tracked the errors encountered during the process and reported them on a form. ?Fishbone? diagram and ?Five whys? methods were then applied. Results. 8,346 histological cases were reviewed, for which 19,774 samples were made and from which 29,956 histologies were pre- pared. 132 errors were identified. Errors were detected in each phase: accessioning (6.5%), gross dissecting (28%), processing (1.5%), embedding (4.5%), tissue cutting and slide mounting (23%), coloring, (1.5%), labeling and releasing (35%). Discussion. Root cause analysis is effective and easy to use in clinical risk management. It is an important step for the identifi- cation and prevention of errors, that are frequently due to multi- ple causes. Developing operators? awareness of their central role in the risk management process is possible by targeted training. Furthermore, by highlighting the most relevant points of interest, it is possible to improve both the methodology and the procedural safety

Targeting CDK6 and BCL2 Exploits the MYB Addiction of Ph+ Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Phþ ALL) is currently treated with BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in combination with chemotherapy. However, most patients develop resistance to TKI through BCR-ABL1–dependent and –independent mechanisms. Newly developed TKI can target Phþ ALL cells with BCR-ABL1–dependent resistance; however, overcoming BCR-ABL1–independent mechanisms of resistance remains challenging because transcription factors, which are difficult to inhibit, are often involved. We show here that (i) the growth of Phþ ALL cell lines and primary cells is highly dependent on MYB-mediated transcriptional upregulation of CDK6, cyclin D3, and BCL2, and (ii) restoring their expression in MYB-silenced Phþ ALL cells rescues their impaired proliferation and survival. Levels of MYB and CDK6 were highly correlated in adult Phþ ALL (P ¼ 0.00008). Moreover, Phþ ALL cells exhibited a specific requirement for CDK6 but not CDK4 expression, most likely because, in these cells, CDK6 was predominantly localized in the nucleus, whereas CDK4 was almost exclusively cytoplasmic. Consistent with their essential role in Phþ ALL, pharmacologic inhibition of CDK6 and BCL2 markedly suppressed proliferation, colony formation, and survival of Phþ ALL cells ex vivo and in mice. In summary, these findings provide a proof-of-principle, rational strategy to target the MYB addiction of Phþ ALL. © 2017 American Association for Cancer Research

Pressure ulcers management: an economic evaluation

Introduction. Pressure ulcer management represents a growing problem for medical and social health care systems all over the world, particularly in European Union countries where the incidence of pressure ulcers in older persons (> 60 years of age) is predicted to rise. Objectives. The aim of this study was to provide evidence for the lower impact on economic resources of using advanced dressings for the treatment of pressure ulcers with respect to conventional simple dressings. Methods. Two different models of analysis, derived from Activity Based Costing and Health Technology Assessment, were used to measure, over a 30-day period, the direct costs incurred by pressure ulcer treatment for community-residing patients receiving integrated home care. Results. Although the mean cost per home care visit was higher in the advanced dressings patient group than in the simple dressings patient one (? 22.31 versus ? 16.03), analysis of the data revealed that the cost of using advanced dressings was lower due to fewer home care visits (22 versus 11). Conclusion. The results underline the fact that decision-makers need to improve their understanding of the advantages of taking a long-term view with regards to the purchase and use of materials. This could produce considerable savings of resources in addition to improving treatment efficacy for the benefit of patients and the health care system

Influence of Magnesium as a Major Contributor of Water Hardness on Some Cardiac Disease Risk Factors

Various ecological studies report a reduction in cardiovascular disease mortality risk with increasing magnesium levels in drinking water. Most of the studies done in this field were epidemiologic studies.The aim of the present study was to examine whether magnesium addition to drinking water can affect risks of cardiac disease. The study included five groups of male albino rats. The rats received either tap water or water containing 5, 10, 20 g of magnesium sulfate per liter. During the whole experiment, all the groups received hypercholesterolemic diet except for the normal control which received normal basal diet. At the end of the experiment, blood was drawn for the determination of plasma magnesium, lipid profile and liver function. In addition, the extent of obesity was determined using the body mass index (BMI). In all groups magnesium addition was associated with higher levels of plasma magnesium. The blood analysis showed a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL- cholesterol and VLDL- cholesterol, while there was a significant increase in HDL- cholesterol in groups received magnesium sulfate in drinking water, compared with the hypercholesterolemic group received tap water. GOT, GPT and ALP followed the same trend. The addition of MgSO4 to the drinking water results in significant decrease in BMI of the magnesium treated groups relative to the hypercholesterolemic control. These results showed that high magnesium concentration in drinking water is capable of decreasing some cardiac disease risk factors in male albino rats. Keywords: Cardiac disease, hypercholesterolemia, Magnesium, Risk factors, Water

Benchmarking of health technologies distribution models: an investigation of Lombardy’s local health authorities

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a benchmarking framework for assessing the performance of the distribution models adopted by the local branches of National Health Services (NHSs) for delivering health technologies to patients at a local level, and to derive prescriptions for enhancing design and optimal management of the distribution models. Design/methodology/approach – The authors focussed the study on the distribution of absorbent devices for incontinence, adopting the analytic hierarchy process as a tool for developing the benchmarking framework. The authors applied the framework to the context of the Italian NHS with respect to the Lombard Local Health Authorities, assessing their performance in terms of operational efficiency and service quality. Findings – The developed framework constitutes a novel contribution, and it allows for generating prescriptions. Through its application to the context studied the authors found that a “one-size-fits-all” distribution model cannot be proposed, as regards both efficiency and effectiveness, since process standardization does not provide benefits or savings in all contexts. Rather, a total landed cost approach in the evaluation of the distribution practices must be adopted. Practical implications – This paper offers to managers and decision makers an innovative approach to the design of distribution models for health technologies. It provides policy makers with prescriptions to develop regulations fostering a comprehensive view of the factors for an optimal health technologies distribution at a local level. Originality/value – Given the dearth of scientific publications focussed on the distribution at the local level of health technologies, this paper significantly contributes to the existing body of knowledge and it offers an innovative framework which can be proficiently replicated in manifold contexts