Resonant optical electron transfer in one-dimensional multiwell structures

We consider coherent single-electron dynamics in the one-dimensional nanostructure under resonant electromagnetic pulse. The structure is composed of two deep quantum wells positioned at the edges of structure and separated by a sequence of shallow internal wells. We show that complete electron transfer between the states localized in the edge wells through one of excited delocalized states can take place at discrete set of times provided that the pulse frequency matches one of resonant transition frequencies. The transfer time varies from several tens to several hundreds of picoseconds and depends on the structure and pulse parameters. The results obtained in this paper can be applied to the developments of the quantum networks used in quantum communications and/or quantum information processing.Comment: 25 pages,16 figure

GDNF promotes tubulogenesis of GFRα1-expressing MDCK cells by Src-mediated phosphorylation of Met receptor tyrosine kinase

Glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are multifunctional signaling molecules in embryogenesis. HGF binds to and activates Met receptor tyrosine kinase. The signaling receptor complex for GDNF typically includes both GDNF family receptor α1 (GFRα1) and Ret receptor tyrosine kinase. GDNF can also signal independently of Ret via GFRα1, although the mechanism has remained unclear. We now show that GDNF partially restores ureteric branching morphogenesis in ret-deficient mice with severe renal hypodysplasia. The mechanism of Ret-independent effect of GDNF was therefore studied by the MDCK cell model. In MDCK cells expressing GFRα1 but no Ret, GDNF stimulates branching but not chemotactic migration, whereas both branching and chemotaxis are promoted by GDNF in the cells coexpressing Ret and GFRα1, mimicking HGF/Met responses in wild-type MDCK cells. Indeed, GDNF induces Met phosphorylation in several ret-deficient/GFRα1-positive and GFRα1/Ret-coexpressing cell lines. However, GDNF does not immunoprecipite Met, making a direct interaction between GDNF and Met highly improbable. Met activation is mediated by Src family kinases. The GDNF-induced branching of MDCK cells requires Src activation, whereas the HGF-induced branching does not. Our data show a mechanism for the GDNF-induced branching morphogenesis in non-Ret signaling

Prognostic significance of the expression of GFRα1, GFRα3 and Syndecan-3, Proteins binding ARTEMIN, In mammary carcinoma

10.1186/1471-2407-13-34BMC Cancer13-BCMA

Novel roles of the chemorepellent axon guidance molecule RGMa in cell migration and adhesion

The repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa) is a contact-mediated axon guidance molecule that has significant roles in central nervous system (CNS) development. Here we have examined whether RGMa has novel roles in cell migration and cell adhesion outside the nervous system. RGMa was found to stimulate cell migration from Xenopus animal cap explants in a neogenin-dependent and BMP-independent manner. RGMa also stimulated the adhesion of Xenopus animal cap cells, and this adhesion was dependent on neogenin and independent of calcium. To begin to functionally characterize the role of specific domains in RGMa, we assessed the migratory and adhesive activities of deletion mutants. RGMa lacking the partial von Willebrand factor type D (vWF) domain preferentially perturbed cell adhesion, while mutants lacking the RGD motif affected cell migration. We also revealed that manipulating the levels of RGMa in vivo caused major migration defects during Xenopus gastrulation. We have revealed here novel roles of RGMa in cell migration and adhesion and demonstrated that perturbations to the homeostasis of RGMa expression can severely disrupt major morphogenetic events. These results have implications for understanding the role of RGMa in both health and disease

Genomic Targets of Brachyury (T) in Differentiating Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

The T-box transcription factor Brachyury (T) is essential for formation of the posterior mesoderm and the notochord in vertebrate embryos. Work in the frog and the zebrafish has identified some direct genomic targets of Brachyury, but little is known about Brachyury targets in the mouse.Here we use chromatin immunoprecipitation and mouse promoter microarrays to identify targets of Brachyury in embryoid bodies formed from differentiating mouse ES cells. The targets we identify are enriched for sequence-specific DNA binding proteins and include components of signal transduction pathways that direct cell fate in the primitive streak and tailbud of the early embryo. Expression of some of these targets, such as Axin2, Fgf8 and Wnt3a, is down regulated in Brachyury mutant embryos and we demonstrate that they are also Brachyury targets in the human. Surprisingly, we do not observe enrichment of the canonical T-domain DNA binding sequence 5'-TCACACCT-3' in the vicinity of most Brachyury target genes. Rather, we have identified an (AC)(n) repeat sequence, which is conserved in the rat but not in human, zebrafish or Xenopus. We do not understand the significance of this sequence, but speculate that it enhances transcription factor binding in the regulatory regions of Brachyury target genes in rodents.Our work identifies the genomic targets of a key regulator of mesoderm formation in the early mouse embryo, thereby providing insights into the Brachyury-driven genetic regulatory network and allowing us to compare the function of Brachyury in different species

KIRURGISTEN SAIRAANHOITAJIEN TÄYDENNYSKOULUTUSTARPEET PEIJAKSEN SAIRAALASSA

Mukarugira, Dorcine; Pipinen Vesela & Popsueva Anna. Kirurgisten sairaanhoitajien täydennyskoulutustarpeet Peijaksen sairaalassa. Helsinki, kevät 2013. Diakonia-ammattikorkeakoulu, Hoitotyön koulutusohjelma, sairaanhoitaja (AMK). Väestön ikääntyminen, nopeasti uusiutuva lääketieteellinen tieto ja terveydenhuollon teknologisoituminen edellyttävät sairaanhoitajien perustaitojen päivittämistä, ammatti-taidon kehittämistä ja jatkuvaa kouluttautumista. Ammatillisella täydennyskoulutuksella voidaan parantaa toiminnan vaikuttavuutta, palveluiden laatua, potilasturvallisuutta ja asiakastyytyväisyyttä sekä edistää henkilöstön työhön sitoutumista, työmotivaatiota, työtyytyväisyyttä ja hyvinvointia. Tämän opinnäytetyön tarkoitus oli selvittää kirurgisten sairaanhoitajien kokemuksia täydennyskoulutuksesta. Työssä on pyritty selvittämään, vastaako täydennyskoulutustarjonta todellisiin sairaanhoitajan kehittämistarpeisiin ja millä osaamisalueilla kirurginen sairaanhoitaja kaipaa lisää kehittämistä. Aineisto kerättiin syksyllä 2012 kyselylomakkeilla, joissa oli 13 strukturoitua kysymystä ja kaksi avointa kysymystä. Kyselylomakkeet jaettiin Peijaksen sairaalan osaston K2 ja K3 sairaanhoitajille. Tutkimukseen osallistui 16 sairaanhoitajaa. Vastausprosentti oli 31. Tulokset esitettiin frekvensseinä. Tutkimustuloksien mukaan suurin osa vastanneista koki täydennyskoulutus tarpeelliseksi. Osa hoitajista tunnisti täydennyskoulutustarpeensa ja halusi kehittää osaamistaan. Täydennyskoulutusvelvoite oli kaikilla tiedossa. Vastaajat kokivat, että on helpompaa päästä sisäisiin koulutuksiin kuin ulkoisiin. Suurin osa vastaajista ilmoitti, että täydennyskoulutus 1−2 kertaa vuodessa riittää täydentämään ammatillisia tarpeita, kehittämään osaamista ja syventämään asiantuntijuutta. Suurin osa vastaajista oli tyytyväinen täydennyskoulutuksen toteutumiseen ja puolet koki, että nykyinen täydennyskoulutuksen tarjonta on riittävä. Sairaanhoitajat kokivat tarvitsevansa täydennyskoulutusta kirurgisen potilaan hoitotyöhön, somaattisten sairauksien hoitotyöhön, lääkehoitoon, päihdetyöhön sekä mielenterveystyöhön. Yhteenvetona tutkimuksen tuloksista voidaan todeta, että kirurgisen alan sairaanhoitajat ymmärtävät täydennyskoulutuksen tärkeyden. Melkein kaikki vastanneet sairaanhoitajat osaavat tunnistaa täydennyskoulutuksen tarpeensa. Sairaanhoitajat halusivat vaikuttaa omaan ammatilliseen kasvuunsa ja ammattitaidon kokonaisvaltaiseen kehittämiseen. Jatkotutkimuksella olisi tärkeää selvittää, miten esimiehet voisivat parantaa sairaanhoitajien mahdollisuutta osallista täydennyskoulutuksiin. Tutkimustuloksia voidaan hyödyntää suunniteltaessa täydennyskoulutuksia kirurgisissa työyksiköissä. Asiasanat: leikkaushoito, hoitotyö, sairaanhoitajat, asiantuntijuus, täydennyskoulus, koulutustarveMukarugira, Dorcine; Pipinen Vesela & Popsueva Anna. Continuing educational needs of surgical nurses in Peijas hospital. 52 p., 3 appendices. Language: Finnish. Helsinki, Spring 2013. Diaconia University of Applied Sciences. Degree Programme in Nursing, Option in Health Care. Degree: Registered Nurse. The aging of population, rapidly renewable medical knowledge and health care tech-nique’s development require basic skills upgrading, skills development and continuing training. Continuing education can improve effectiveness, services, quality, patient safe-ty and customer satisfaction, and it can promote the work of the staff's commitment, work motivation, job satisfaction and well-being. The purpose of the study was to investigate the surgical nurse's experiences in continu-ing education: are they getting enough opportunities to develop their skills? Efforts were made to correspond to the actual nurse development needs and what areas of expertise in surgical nursing need more development. The data was collected in the fall 2012 through questionnaires that had 13 scale-based questions and two open questions. Questionnaires were distributed among the surgical nurses of the Peijas hospital departments K2 and K3. The total participant number for the study was 16. The response rate was 31,4 %. The results were presented numerically. The results indicate that the majority of the respondents found it necessary to further training, was able to identify training needs, and wanted to develop their skills further. Continuing education’s obligation was known to all respondents. The respondents felt that it is easier to get to internal educational training than to external. The majority of the respondents indicated that participation in educational training 1-2 times a year is sufficient to complement their professional needs, develop skills and deepen their expertise. The majority of the respondents was satisfied with the implementation of training and the others felt that the current training supply is adequate. The results suggest that the majority of the respondents needs additional training in surgical nursing, nursing care of somatic diseases, medications, substance abuse, and mental health work. In summary, it can be concluded that the surgical nurses understand the importance of continuing education. Our results demonstrate that almost all the responding nurses are able to identify training needs. By taking part in our inquiry, they presented their will to affect their own professional growth and development. In the future research it would be important to examine how the heads of the wards may improve the nurse's participation in further education. The results of this study can be utilized in planning further education for the surgical unit

DEMONSTRATIVE CONSUMPTION OF SPECIAL EVENTS AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES, THEIR STRACTURE AND ROLE IN TODAY’S SOCIO-ECONOMIC SOCIETY SYSTEM

Сегодня позиционирование компании или бренда на потребительском рынке при помощи проведения мероприятия является распространенным способом коммуникации. Так мероприятие становится объектом своеобразного потребления. Различные объекты потребления несут в себе привычку, «привязывая» потребителя при помощи доставляемого ему удовольствия. Продвигаемые образы, оказывая воздействие на сознание, уже не являются просто рекламой – они формируют образ жизни. На данном основании у потребителя выстраивается модель поведения и мышления, что привносит качественные изменения в течение его жизни. В последнее время организаторы специальных мероприятий стали уделять особе внимание таким деталям как вещи, используемые в процессе подготовки и организации мероприятия. Атрибуты, при помощи которых компания пытается вступить в контакт с потребителем и партнерами обретают глубокие эмоциональные характеристики. Организаторам уже не требуется просто помещение с комфортной в эргономическом плане мебелью, все чаще возникают потребности в вещах, несущих в себе особый демонстративный код. Успех яркого, громкого мероприятия зачастую обязан именно вещам как словам, с помощью которых строится диалог с потребителем.To position a company at consumer market with the help of the event is becoming a popular form of communication. This way, an event becomes the object of peculiar consumption. Different objects of consumption build up a habit which forms a tie with the consumer via the pleasure experienced by the consumer. The promoted images influence one’s mentality and become more than just advertising, they form a lifestyle. This serves as a basis upon which a consumer develops his mode of behavior and mentality, making in-depth changes in his life. However, recently organizers of special events have started to pay more attention to such details as objects used in the course of preparation as well as during the event itself. Artistic objects with the help of which a company tries to establish a rapport with its clients and partners acquire deeply emotional character. Event organizers are no longer satisfied with ergonomic and comfortable furniture and venue, they feel the need for objects which are laden with demonstrative code. A bright and memorable event often owes its success to objects which play the part of words helping to carry out the dialog with the consumer

Transient disruption of spermatogenesis by deregulated expression of neurturin in testis

Two related ligands, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin (NRTN), are expressed by Sertoli cells, but their cognate ligand-binding co-receptors, GDNF family receptor alpha1 and alpha2, are displayed by different germ cells suggesting different targets for the ligands. GDNF regulates cell fate decision of undifferentiated spermatogonia 'Science 287 (2000) 1489'. The role of NRTN was now approached by targeted overexpression in mouse testis. Between 3 and 5 weeks of age, transient degeneration of spermatogenic cells was observed in approximately 20% of all five transgenic lines generated. Spermatids and pachytene spermatocytes underwent segmental degeneration, if the rete testis was undilated. When it was dilated, the spermatids and spermatocytes were more generally depleted. After 5 weeks of age, spermatogenic defects were no more observed and the NRTN overexpressing mice were fertile. The data suggest that NRTN might regulate survival and differentiation of spermatocytes and spermatids, but the low penetrance indicates that either the transgene expression has not been high enough or NRTN is not as essential as GDNF for spermatogenesi