Interactive Joint Transfer of Energy and Information

In some communication networks, such as passive RFID systems, the energy used to transfer information between a sender and a recipient can be reused for successive communication tasks. In fact, from known results in physics, any system that exchanges information via the transfer of given physical resources, such as radio waves, particles and qubits, can conceivably reuse, at least part, of the received resources. This paper aims at illustrating some of the new challenges that arise in the design of communication networks in which the signals exchanged by the nodes carry both information and energy. To this end, a baseline two-way communication system is considered in which two nodes communicate in an interactive fashion. In the system, a node can either send an "on" symbol (or "1"), which costs one unit of energy, or an "off" signal (or "0"), which does not require any energy expenditure. Upon reception of a "1" signal, the recipient node "harvests", with some probability, the energy contained in the signal and stores it for future communication tasks. Inner and outer bounds on the achievable rates are derived. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies and illustrate some key design insights.Comment: 29 pages, 11 figures, Submitted in IEEE Transactions on Communications. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1204.192

MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS ON SELECTED CHERRY PLANTS, A PRIMARY EFFECT PRODUCT OF GAMMA RADIATION (Cz137)

A study has been conducted on the rootstock cross area, trunk cross area and total growth with 195 selected plants, a primary effect product from Bigareau Burlat, Pobeda Krimska and Kozerska cherry varieties, during the first MV1 generation after the gamma radiation with Cz137. Graft branches were exposed to dosages of 25Gy, 35Gy and 45Gy at the Institute of Radiobiology and Radiopreservation in Sofia. The graft was taken during dormant buds onto a Prunus mahaleb rootstock. The average values of all study parameters with the selected plants are 10 to 50% smaller in comparison with the controls (plants not treated with radiation). The highest reduction of total plant growth is noticed at Kozerska variety. The average value is 40% smaller in contrast to the control. The average values for this characteristic provide statistical significant differences for all radiation dosages with the selected plants in contrast to the control. The highest difference was noticed with the dosage of 25 Gy, where the total growth is 50% smaller than the control. A very high positive correlation is determent between the rootstock and trunk cross area, as well as between the rootstock and trunk cross area and with the total growth in all of the tested varieties. Negative correlation between the radiation dosage and the total growth is detected for Pobeda Krimska and Kozerska. This kind of correlation is not present in Bigareau Burlat

On the Impact of Wireless Jamming on the Distributed Secondary Microgrid Control

The secondary control in direct current microgrids (MGs) is used to restore the voltage deviations caused by the primary droop control, where the latter is implemented locally in each distributed generator and reacts to load variations. Numerous recent works propose to implement the secondary control in a distributed fashion, relying on a communication system to achieve consensus among MG units. This paper shows that, if the system is not designed to cope with adversary communication impairments, then a malicious attacker can apply a simple jamming of a few units of the MG and thus compromise the secondary MG control. Compared to other denial-of-service attacks that are oriented against the tertiary control, such as economic dispatch, the attack on the secondary control presented here can be more severe, as it disrupts the basic functionality of the MG

CHEMICAL CONTENT OF FRUITS OF SOME PERSPECTIVE STRAWBERRY VARIETIES CULTIVATED ON OPEN FIELD

This research contains results concerning the chemical composition of 15 introduced varieties of strawberries in Macedonia: Idea, Camarosa, Belrubi, Evita, Honeoye, Tethis, Chandler, Onda, Miranda, Paros, Elsanta, Eris, Madalene, Favette and Marmolada and two controll varieties: Pocahontas and Sengasengana. The analysis has been conducted on the following substances: soluble dry matter, sugars (total and reductive), acids, pulp’s pH, sugar/acid ratio, vitamin C, anthocyanins and mineral matters. The percentage of soluble dry matter is between 8.5% with the Eris variety and 11% with Idea. Idea has the highest concentration of sugars with 8.80% of total and 6.16% of reductive sugars. Eris has the lowest concentration of 6.80% total and 4.76% reductive sugars. Lowest amount of acids is 0.79% (Onda and Madalene) and highest is 0.94% (Evita). The range of pH value goes from 3.5 (Tethis) to 4.2 (Chandler and Pocahontas). The Marmolada variety has the highest sugar/acid ratio with 10.4 and Evita has the lowest of 8.1. The concentration of vitamin C goes between the range of 72.49mg% (Pocahontas) and 113.73mg% (Camarosa). The anthocyanins concentration with the Favette is to be the lowest with 37.06mg/kg, whereas the Elsanta reaches the highest content with 48.88mg/kg. The content of mineral matter within the fruit is between 0.52% (Chandler and Onda) and 0.94% (Tethis)

Joint Interference Alignment and Bi-Directional Scheduling for MIMO Two-Way Multi-Link Networks

By means of the emerging technique of dynamic Time Division Duplex (TDD), the switching point between uplink and downlink transmissions can be optimized across a multi-cell system in order to reduce the impact of inter-cell interference. It has been recently recognized that optimizing also the order in which uplink and downlink transmissions, or more generally the two directions of a two-way link, are scheduled can lead to significant benefits in terms of interference reduction. In this work, the optimization of bi-directional scheduling is investigated in conjunction with the design of linear precoding and equalization for a general multi-link MIMO two-way system. A simple algorithm is proposed that performs the joint optimization of the ordering of the transmissions in the two directions of the two-way links and of the linear transceivers, with the aim of minimizing the interference leakage power. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.Comment: To be presented at ICC 2015, 6 pages, 7 figure

Electrophoretic Distinction of the Origin in Different Dairy Products and Milk Samples

Caseins, lacto-albumin, and lacto-globulin are major milk proteins. These globular proteins could be significant indicators of the milk and dairy products origin. Knowing that caseins, lacto-albumins and lacto-globulins vary in molecular weight and concentration in different types of milk, this fluctuation can be used for determination of milk origin. The aim of this study was to develop an appropriate method for distinction of milk proteins from different origin. Twelve samples of milk, white cheese, yellow cheese and whey cheese from cow, sheep and goat were obtained and studied. The protein separation was made using SDS-PAGE. SDS is an anionic detergent that breaks all inter and intramolecular bonds and leaves the polypeptide subunits of proteins in forms that can be separated on the basis of their molecular weight. Polyacrylamide gels, used as support medium, restrain larger molecules from migrating as fast as smaller molecules. In order to optimize the conditions of the experiment, some of the parameters were modified (polyacrilamide concentration from 10-15% according to the molecules size, duration of electrophoresis, quantity of applied material, sonification treatment of the different samples). Bovine milk proteins standards were used for the determination of the proteins. The results have shown differences, as well as other fractions that can be used for identification of the origin. In yellow and white cheese the differences among the samples from different origins appear in lacto-albumin fractions and some digested fractions below the caseins. The main differences in whey cheese samples were identified in casein fractions. The milk samples showed differences in upper fractions, probably serum albumins that remained in the milk samples

A Statistical Learning Approach to Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication

Mission-critical applications require Ultra-Reliable Low Latency (URLLC) wireless connections, where the packet error rate (PER) goes down to $10^{-9}$. Fulfillment of the bold reliability figures becomes meaningful only if it can be related to a statistical model in which the URLLC system operates. However, this model is generally not known and needs to be learned by sampling the wireless environment. In this paper we treat this fundamental problem in the simplest possible communication-theoretic setting: selecting a transmission rate over a dynamic wireless channel in order to guarantee high transmission reliability. We introduce a novel statistical framework for design and assessment of URLLC systems, consisting of three key components: (i) channel model selection; (ii) learning the model using training; (3) selecting the transmission rate to satisfy the required reliability. As it is insufficient to specify the URLLC requirements only through PER, two types of statistical constraints are introduced, Averaged Reliability (AR) and Probably Correct Reliability (PCR). The analysis and the evaluations show that adequate model selection and learning are indispensable for designing consistent physical layer that asymptotically behaves as if the channel was known perfectly, while maintaining the reliability requirements in URLLC systems.Comment: Submitted for publicatio

Impact of Harvest Time on the Main Agronomic and Fruit Quality Traits of Three Apricot Cultivars

Fruit quality and sensorial traits of three apricot cultivars as affected by harvest time were evaluated. High variability and significant differences were found among cultivars in all studied traits, except flowering date, yield efficiency, stone weight, titratable acidity, and sucrose. Additionally, all evaluated traits significantly depended on the harvest time. Year-by-year variation also was observed. Mid-late season 'Hungarian Best' and late ripening 'Kecskemét Rosè' cultivars had better fruit quality and sensorial traits than the early ripening cultivar 'Senetate', and can be recommended for fresh consumption, storage, and processing. On a principal component analysis, mid- and late-harvest time was shown to be positively associated with a good yield, sweetness, flavor, juiciness, and aroma, and negatively associated with sourness of the apricot. © 2012 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC