Коронарный рестеноз и значение некоторых причинных факторов

The concept of restenosis is discussed concerning the definition, incidence, mechanisms and possibilities of its prevention and attenuation. Histological and functional restenosis is defined as well as the distinct arrangements of restenosis evolution after angioplasty without stent or with stent implantation are underlined. The main mechanisms of restenosis development due to bare metal stent or drug eluting stent utilization are emphasized. A special aspect is referred to molecular mechanisms of restenosis linked to inflammation, diabetes mellitus, genetic risk factors, endothelial dysfunction, immune-allergic response. Thrombosis as an independent causal factor of restenosis is analyzed since mechanical alteration of the vessel being evoking the role of grow factors and cytokines in the neointimal proliferation associated with smooth myocytes migration.Дискутируются некоторые концептуальные аспекты рестеноза, связанные с определением, частотой и механизмами развития, а также с возможностями его предупреждения. Даны гистологическое и функциональное определения рестеноза, характеризованы различия в его развитии при баллонной и ангиопластике с применением стентов. Рассмотрены главные молекулярные механизмы рестеноза при ангиопластике с применением металлических стентов или стентов с лекарственным покрытием, связанные с воспалением, сахарным диабетом, генетическими факторами риска, эндoтелиальной дисфункцией, иммунно-аллергическим ответом. Анализирован тромбоз как самостоятельный фактор рестеноза, а также роль факторов роста цитокинов в пролиферации неоинтимы, ассоциированной c миграцией гладких миоцитов

Некоторые патогенетические аспекты гиперплазии неоинтимы при внутристентовом рестенозе

Using the method of hybridization in situ, RT-PCR, confocal scanner microscopy and immunofluorescent microscopy with specific antibodies to matrix metalloproteinase collagenase IV (MMP-2), we analyzed expression of tissue inhibitor (TIMMP-2) and mononuclear cell marker CD68 in restenosed coronary tissue taken from 11 patients who died with in-stent restenosis (ISS). The expression and quantity of micro-ribonucleic acids (micro-RNA/145), MMP-2 and TIMMP-2 were estimated, as well as the number of present macrophages. The micro-RNA/145 expression and quantity are reduced in ISS, and this reduction is proportional to restenosis degree. On the other hand, the MMP-2 expression and quantity in the neointima are increased while that of TIMMP-2 is reduced. With respect to the number of macrophages present in the neointima of ISS tissue, their number is greatly elevated in the areas affected by the restenosis.Используя методы гибридизации in situ и цепной полимеразной реакции, а также лазерную и иммунофлюоресцентную микроскопию, с использованием специфических антител к матричной металлопротеиназе-2 (ММП-2) или коллагеназа 4, к её специфическому тканевому ингибитору ТИММП-2 и к CD68, маркеру мононуклеарных клеток были определены экспрессия и количество микро-рибонуклеиновой кислоты 145, ММП-2, ТИММП-2, как и число макрофагов в тканевом образце, взятом из стента 11 умерших пациентов с внутристентовым рестенозом (ВСР). Экспрессия и количество микро-РНК/145 снижаются пропорционально степени ВСР, в то время как соответствующие показатели ММП-2 в неоинтиме увеличиваются на фоне уменьшения их величины относительно ТИММП-2. Характерным для ВСР является многократный прирост в неоинтиме числа макрофагов

Comments Upon an Earth Dam Severely Damaged by Foundation Liquefaction

The damage of the Draganesti earth dam on lower sector of the Olt river due to foundation liquefaction during 30th May 1990, 0.12 g in site maximum acceleration, Vrancea earthquake is described. The dam is up to 20 m maximum height and border cross-wise and laterally the reservoir with 12.6 km length of the low head hydroelectric power station. The damage consisting of a large slide with about 60 m length at the dam downstream face and some cracks and lift-up of the reinforced concrete slabs at the corresponding upstream toe zone was placed in a zone where any special technology for increasing the relative density of the foundation loose sand layer was not applied. The natural relative density of the above mentioned layer having 1.20…7.00 m thickness was Dr =0.15…0.30, but it was increased up to 0.55…0.65 by vibrated-compacted gravel microcolumns technology, that was applied for over 80 % of dam foundation area. A comprehensive seismic backanalysis is performed in order to explain the damage mechanism

Gender, age, and pharmacists’ job satisfaction

A comprehensive literature review was conducted on the concept of job satisfaction in the pharmacist workforce field and the facets it comprises, as well as its measurement, aiming to (i) review the nature, mechanisms, and importance of job satisfaction in the context of the pharmacist workforce, (ii) survey some of the most salient facets that configure job satisfaction, and (iii) discuss validity and measurement issues pertaining to it. Although female pharmacists generally hold less appealing jobs, earn lower wages and salaries, and are promoted less frequently than their male counterparts, they report higher levels of job satisfaction. Age has a U-shape effect on job satisfaction, with middle-age pharmacists less satisfied than both younger and older practitioners. Workload, stress, advancement opportunities, job security, autonomy, fairness in the workplace, supervisors, coworkers, flexibility, and job atmosphere are facets contributing to pharmacists’ job satisfaction. Finally, discrepancy exists among researchers in measuring job satisfaction as a single global indicator or as a composite measure derived from indices of satisfaction with key aspects of a job. Understanding the mechanisms that affect pharmacists’ job satisfaction is important to employers in their pursuit to respond to practitioners’ needs, decrease turnover, and increase productivity. As pharmacists’ response to work-related conditions and experiences depends on gender and age, a unique set of rewards and incentives may not be universally effective. Additional research into the dynamics of the forces shaping pharmacists’ perceptions, opinions, and attitudes is needed in order to design and implement policies that allocate human resources more efficiently within the various pharmacy settings