1,444 research outputs found
Molecular crystal approach for pi-conjugated polymers: from PPP Hamiltonian to Holstein model for polaron states
Starting from the -electron Pariser-Parr-Pople (PPP) Hamiltonian which
includes both strong electron-phonon and electron-electron interactions, we
propose some strongly correlated wave functions of increasing quality for the
ground state of conjugated polymers. These wavefunctions are built by combining
different finite sets of local configurations extended at most over two
nearest-neighbour monomers. With this picture, the doped case with one
additional particle is expressed in terms of quasi-particle. Thus, the polaron
formation problem goes back to the study of a Holstein like model.Comment: 27 pages, 6 eps figs, Revtex; enlarged version. Submitted to Journal
of Physics: Condensed Matte
National Mesothelioma Virtual Bank: A standard based biospecimen and clinical data resource to enhance translational research
Background: Advances in translational research have led to the need for well characterized biospecimens for research. The National Mesothelioma Virtual Bank is an initiative which collects annotated datasets relevant to human mesothelioma to develop an enterprising biospecimen resource to fulfill researchers' need. Methods: The National Mesothelioma Virtual Bank architecture is based on three major components: (a) common data elements (based on College of American Pathologists protocol and National North American Association of Central Cancer Registries standards), (b) clinical and epidemiologic data annotation, and (c) data query tools. These tools work interoperably to standardize the entire process of annotation. The National Mesothelioma Virtual Bank tool is based upon the caTISSUE Clinical Annotation Engine, developed by the University of Pittsburgh in cooperation with the Cancer Biomedical Informatics Grid™ (caBIG™, see http://cabig.nci.nih.gov). This application provides a web-based system for annotating, importing and searching mesothelioma cases. The underlying information model is constructed utilizing Unified Modeling Language class diagrams, hierarchical relationships and Enterprise Architect software. Result: The database provides researchers real-time access to richly annotated specimens and integral information related to mesothelioma. The data disclosed is tightly regulated depending upon users' authorization and depending on the participating institute that is amenable to the local Institutional Review Board and regulation committee reviews. Conclusion: The National Mesothelioma Virtual Bank currently has over 600 annotated cases available for researchers that include paraffin embedded tissues, tissue microarrays, serum and genomic DNA. The National Mesothelioma Virtual Bank is a virtual biospecimen registry with robust translational biomedical informatics support to facilitate basic science, clinical, and translational research. Furthermore, it protects patient privacy by disclosing only de-identified datasets to assure that biospecimens can be made accessible to researchers. © 2008 Amin et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd
Excited States of Ladder-type Poly-p-phenylene Oligomers
Ground state properties and excited states of ladder-type paraphenylene
oligomers are calculated applying semiempirical methods for up to eleven
phenylene rings. The results are in qualitative agreement with experimental
data. A new scheme to interpret the excited states is developed which reveals
the excitonic nature of the excited states. The electron-hole pair of the
S1-state has a mean distance of approximately 4 Angstroem.Comment: 24 pages, 21 figure
Density-matrix functional theory of the Hubbard model: An exact numerical study
A density functional theory for many-body lattice models is considered in
which the single-particle density matrix is the basic variable. Eigenvalue
equations are derived for solving Levy's constrained search of the interaction
energy functional W, which is expressed as the sum of Hartree-Fock energy and
the correlation energy E_C. Exact results are obtained for E_C of the Hubbard
model on various periodic lattices. The functional dependence of E_C is
analyzed by varying the number of sites, band filling and lattice structure.
The infinite one-dimensional chain and one-, two-, or three-dimensional finite
clusters with periodic boundary conditions are considered. The properties of
E_C are discussed in the limits of weak and strong electronic correlations, as
well as in the crossover region. Using an appropriate scaling we observe a
pseudo-universal behavior which suggests that the correlation energy of
extended systems could be obtained quite accurately from finite cluster
calculations. Finally, the behavior of E_C for repulsive (U>0) and attractive
(U<0) interactions are contrasted.Comment: Phys. Rev. B (1999), in pres
Spin states of zigzag-edged Mobius graphene nanoribbons from first principles
Mobius graphene nanoribbons have only one edge topologically. How the
magnetic structures, previously associated with the two edges of zigzag-edged
flat nanoribbons or cyclic nanorings, would change for their Mobius
counterparts is an intriguing question. Using spin-polarized density functional
theory, we shed light on this question. We examine spin states of zigzag-edged
Mobius graphene nanoribbons (ZMGNRs) with different widths and lengths. We find
a triplet ground state for a Mobius cyclacene, while the corresponding
two-edged cyclacene has an open-shell singlet ground state. For wider ZMGNRs,
the total magnetization of the ground state is found to increase with the
ribbon length. For example, a quintet ground state is found for a ZMGNR. Local
magnetic moments on the edge carbon atoms form domains of majority and minor
spins along the edge. Spins at the domain boundaries are found to be
frustrated. Our findings show that the Mobius topology (i.e., only one edge)
causes ZMGNRs to favor one spin over the other, leading to a ground state with
non-zero total magnetization.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure
Electron correlation effects in electron-hole recombination in organic light-emitting diodes
We develop a general theory of electron--hole recombination in organic light
emitting diodes that leads to formation of emissive singlet excitons and
nonemissive triplet excitons. We briefly review other existing theories and
show how our approach is substantively different from these theories. Using an
exact time-dependent approach to the interchain/intermolecular charge-transfer
within a long-range interacting model we find that, (i) the relative yield of
the singlet exciton in polymers is considerably larger than the 25% predicted
from statistical considerations, (ii) the singlet exciton yield increases with
chain length in oligomers, and, (iii) in small molecules containing nitrogen
heteroatoms, the relative yield of the singlet exciton is considerably smaller
and may be even close to 25%. The above results are independent of whether or
not the bond-charge repulsion, X_perp, is included in the interchain part of
the Hamiltonian for the two-chain system. The larger (smaller) yield of the
singlet (triplet) exciton in carbon-based long-chain polymers is a consequence
of both its ionic (covalent) nature and smaller (larger) binding energy. In
nitrogen containing monomers, wavefunctions are closer to the noninteracting
limit, and this decreases (increases) the relative yield of the singlet
(triplet) exciton. Our results are in qualitative agreement with
electroluminescence experiments involving both molecular and polymeric light
emitters. The time-dependent approach developed here for describing
intermolecular charge-transfer processes is completely general and may be
applied to many other such processes.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figure
Structural Instability in Polyacene : A Projector Quantum Monte Carlo Study
We have studied polyacene within the Hubbard model to explore the effect of
electron correlations on the Peierls' instability in a system marginally away
from one-dimension. We employ the projector quantum Monte Carlo method to
obtain ground state estimates of the energy and various correlation functions.
We find strong similarities between polyacene and polyacetylene which can be
rationalized from the real-space valence-bond arguments of Mazumdar and Dixit.
Electron correlations tend to enhance the Peierls' instability in polyacene.
This enhancement appears to attain a maximum at and the maximum
shifts to larger values when the alternation parameter is increased. The system
shows no tendency to destroy the imposed bond-alternation pattern, as evidenced
by the bond-bond correlations. The cis- distortion is seen to be favoured over
the trans- distortion. The spin-spin correlations show that undistorted
polyacene is susceptible to a SDW distortion for large interaction strength.
The charge-charge correlations indicate the absence of a CDW distortion for the
parameters studied.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures available on reques
A critical assessment of the Self-Interaction Corrected Local Density Functional method and its algorithmic implementation
We calculate the electronic structure of several atoms and small molecules by
direct minimization of the Self-Interaction Corrected Local Density
Approximation (SIC-LDA) functional. To do this we first derive an expression
for the gradient of this functional under the constraint that the orbitals be
orthogonal and show that previously given expressions do not correctly
incorporate this constraint. In our atomic calculations the SIC-LDA yields
total energies, ionization energies and charge densities that are superior to
results obtained with the Local Density Approximation (LDA). However, for
molecules SIC-LDA gives bond lengths and reaction energies that are inferior to
those obtained from LDA. The nonlocal BLYP functional, which we include as a
representative GGA functional, outperforms both LDA and SIC-LDA for all ground
state properties we considered.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure
A mathematical and computational review of Hartree-Fock SCF methods in Quantum Chemistry
We present here a review of the fundamental topics of Hartree-Fock theory in
Quantum Chemistry. From the molecular Hamiltonian, using and discussing the
Born-Oppenheimer approximation, we arrive to the Hartree and Hartree-Fock
equations for the electronic problem. Special emphasis is placed in the most
relevant mathematical aspects of the theoretical derivation of the final
equations, as well as in the results regarding the existence and uniqueness of
their solutions. All Hartree-Fock versions with different spin restrictions are
systematically extracted from the general case, thus providing a unifying
framework. Then, the discretization of the one-electron orbitals space is
reviewed and the Roothaan-Hall formalism introduced. This leads to a exposition
of the basic underlying concepts related to the construction and selection of
Gaussian basis sets, focusing in algorithmic efficiency issues. Finally, we
close the review with a section in which the most relevant modern developments
(specially those related to the design of linear-scaling methods) are commented
and linked to the issues discussed. The whole work is intentionally
introductory and rather self-contained, so that it may be useful for non
experts that aim to use quantum chemical methods in interdisciplinary
applications. Moreover, much material that is found scattered in the literature
has been put together here to facilitate comprehension and to serve as a handy
reference.Comment: 64 pages, 3 figures, tMPH2e.cls style file, doublesp, mathbbol and
subeqn package
Theory of bound polarons in oxide compounds
We present a multilateral theoretical study of bound polarons in oxide
compounds MgO and \alpha-Al_2O_3 (corundum). A continuum theory at arbitrary
electron-phonon coupling is used for calculation of the energies of thermal
dissociation, photoionization (optically induced release of an electron (hole)
from the ground self-consistent state), as well as optical absorption to the
non-relaxed excited states. Unlike the case of free strong-coupling polarons,
where the ratio \kappa of the photoionization energy to the thermal
dissociation energy was shown to be always equal to 3, here this ratio depends
on the Froehlich coupling constant \alpha and the screened Coulomb interaction
strength \beta. Reasonable variation of these two parameters has demonstrated
that the magnitude of \kappa remains usually in the narrow interval from 1 to
2.5. This is in agreement with atomistic calculations and experimental data for
hole O^- polarons bound to the cation vacancy in MgO. The thermal dissociation
energy for the ground self-consistent state and the energy of the optically
induced charge transfer process (hops of a hole between O^{2-} ions) have been
calculated using the quantum-chemical method INDO. Results obtained within the
two approaches for hole O polarons bound by the cation vacancies (V^-) in
MgO and by the Mg^{2+} impurity (V_{Mg}) in corundum are compared to
experimental data and to each other. We discuss a surprising closeness of the
results obtained on the basis of independent models and their agreement with
experiment.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, E-mail addresses:
[email protected], [email protected]
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