Pope Pius XII to the Guild of St. Luke

EDITOR\u27S NOTE: The address of Pope Pius XII, given November 12, 1944, to the Italian Guild of St. Luke, was perhaps the most comprehensive of all of his talks on medical morality. Moreover, it seems to have been the first of his many discourses to the medical profession; and it contained in germ many of the subsequent and very important addresses. We believe that all Catholic doctors should be familiar with its content; hence, we are presenting here a very complete digest of the Pope\u27s words. This has been made possible through the generous cooperation of Daniel T. Costello, S.J.; Mario Jaccarini, S.J.; and Richard J. McPartlin, S.J

A synopsis of the weather problems facing today's general aviation pilots

Concentration on weather to data has primarily been at the point of observation. There have been efforts to obtain and disseminate en route weather through pilot reports (PIREPS), but the efforts have been meager. What is needed is the cooperative efforts on the application of technology to the acquisition and dissemination of the en route weather data for those pilots in the air as well as those who are flight planning on the ground. A comprehensive three-dimensional computer storage system is proposed that receives weather information from all aircraft on IFR flight plans and stores this information by altitude and geographic coordinates. Also, a report on the Federal Aviation Administration's Research Engineering and Development Aviation Weather Program from the aspect of past, present and future is given

Plethodon yonahlossee

Number of Pages: 2Place of Publication: Kensington, MarylandIntegrative BiologyGeological Science

The W3W_3-string spectrum

We study the spectrum of $W_3$ strings. In particular, we show that for appropriately chosen space-time signature, one of the scalar fields is singled out by the spin-3 constraint and is ``frozen'': no creation operators from it can appear in physical states and the corresponding momentum must assume a specific fixed value. The remaining theory is unitary and resembles an ordinary string theory in $d\ne26$ with anomalies cancelled by appropriate background charges. In the case of the $W_3$ string, however, the spin-two ``graviton'' is massive.Comment: 14 Page

Roles of transcription factors, RBPA and SIGF, in the mycobacterium tuberculosis

The mechanism of prokaryotic transcription has been characterized primarily in the classic system, Escherichia coli, and cannot be confidently extended to include other prokaryotic species, such as those of the Actinobacteria phylum. Actinobacteria represents a diverse group of Gram-positive species that range from soil dwellers to obligate pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tb). These species encode RNA polymerase (RNAP) binding proteins that are not present in model organisms, and therefore present a unique lens through which the basic mechanism of transcription can be further explored outside of model systems. In addition, these mechanisms of transcriptional regulation can be studied in the context of M. Tuberculosis pathogenesis. The model we use for tuberculosis is Mycobacterium Smegmatis, a homologue, which has a faster doubling time and is only Biosafety level 1. Within Actinobacteria, notable conserved RNAP binding proteins include RNA polymerase binding protein A (RbpA) and CarD. RbpA is specific to Actinobacteria, binding the β subunit of RNAP and primary σ factors. CarD binds to the β subunit and associates with DNA. Both proteins are upregulated upon exposure to stress, and have implications in the initiation of rRNA transcription. Each is proposed to stimulate the formation of transcriptionally competent RNAP-holoenzyme open promoter complexes, and CarD is thought to act as a global transcriptional regulator. RbpA and CarD are believed to be essential in M. Tuberculosis and M. Smegmatis. Recent structural analyses of RbpA and CarD suggest the two proteins may share a region of similarity that could compete for binding to the β subunit, and brings into question whether the two proteins are capable of coordinately modulating transcription or antagonize each other's activity. This was investigated through purification of CarD and RbpA and in vitro studies performed with [α-32P] Uridine triphosphate used to measure the level of transcription. These experiments led to the conclusion that RbpA and CarD are able to associate with the same RNAP and have an additive stabilizing action on the polymerase. Whether or not RbpA is an essential protein was also investigated genetically, and by using a Tetracycline on/off system. Sigma factors play an important role in transcription due to their ability to recognize promoter regions and initiate transcription. One connection that we have preliminary data for, through DNA pull downs, is that sigF binds rRNA promoters, and CarD and RbpA are both studied in the context of rRNA transcription. Therefore sigF is another factor that could be regulating rRNA transcription, possibly during stress. SigF is also the sigma factor that responds to oxidative stress, and CarD is involved in oxidative stress. Sigma F is a member of a family of 13 different sigma factors that are preset in M. Tuberculosis. There are two different types of sigma factors: primary, which are essential for normal growth, and alternative, which are typically expressed during differing environmental conditions. Sigma F has been shown to be upregulated during oxidative stress, which is why it was of particular interest to us. To investigate the roles of sig F, we exposed sig F deletion mutants and wild type strains to oxidative stress and measured ribosomal RNA production by reverse transcription quantitative real time PCR. It was concluded that sigF is a probable suppressor of rRNA when exposed to oxidative stress