A HOLISTIC APPROACH OF RELATIONSHIP MARKETING IN LAUNCHING LUXURY NEW PRODUCTS

On the basis of increased complexity of the exchange mechanism, at the beginning of the third millennium the contemporary marketing suffers some physiognomic changes. Holistic orientation of the contemporary marketing is imposed by the new dimensions therelationship marketing, holistic marketing, luxury marketing, residential complex, research on perception of luxury

THE SOVEREIGN DEBT CHALLANGE: AN OVERVIEW

Recent years have seen profound changes in country risk and its components, in the context of crises multiplication and diversification; the sovereign risk, a main country risk component, has undergone important changes, mainly given by mutations in its determining factors; the economy of \"indebtedness\" represents a reality of the recent years. In this context, our paper aims to capture new issues related to sovereign risk and its manifestations, and to bring to the fore a number of relevant indicators concerning the indebtedness problems. Currently, the increasing sovereign obligations, the Greece 2010 episode and the real sovereign debt crisis testify the important implications that the national economic policy decisions have on entire nations. In general, the countries with servicing difficulties present a total external or public debt that overcomes the average of the emerging states; however, we can not accurately identify a threshold beyond which we can say that a state is overly indebted. Therefore, questions such as "Starting from what point is a state overly indebted?" or "What is the cause of the excessive debts of a state?" are fully justified and the answer or answers deserve being sought. Studies on the relationship between various economic variables and the countries ability to deal with external debt problems are present in the country risk literature since the 1970s; beginning with authors such as Frank and Cline (1971), which gave priority to external debt service indicators such as Exports, Imports / GDP, Imports / Reserves, and continuing with other specialists, among whom we mention Saini and Bates (1978), Abassi and Tafler (1982), Haque, Brewer and Rivoli (1990), North (2001) Bouchet (2003), Meunier (2005), Longueville (2010) and many others, many ratios and indicators were carefully analyzed. In our short study, we also present a number of recent aspects concerning sovereign risk, and we analyze some relevant indicators, using statistical data, for four countries: Romania, Greece, Hungary and Bulgaria. We underline the fact that, even if sovereign risk indicators are in the good intervals, the crisis risk remains present, especially because of the liquidity issues. For us, this brief paper opens the way for a much broader study, which aims to develop a model of sovereign risk analysis, the dependent variable, the probability of default, being explained by the evolution of the selected relevant indicators.sovereign risk, external debt, sovereign crisis, external debt indicators, thresholds.

Analysis of Printed Circuit Boards strains using finite element analysis and digital image correlation

This paper investigates the use of digital image correlation (DIC) and finite element analysis for strain measurement on Printed Board Circuits (PCBs). Circuit boards (PCBs) are designed to mechanically support and electrically connect an electronic component assembly. Due to screw assemblies, the surface level differences on which the PCB is placed, the process of assembling the electronic components induces a certain state of stress and deformation in the PCB. The main components affected are microprocessors due to the way they are glued to PCBs with BGA - Ball grid arrays (BGA). Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is a full-field contactless optical method for measuring displacements and strain in experimental testing, based on the correlation of images taken during test. The experimental setup is realized with Dantec Q-400 system used for image capture and Istra 4D software for image correlations and data analyses. The maximum level of the obtained strain is compared with the allowable limit. Finite element analysis (FEA) is a numerical method of analysis for stresses and strain in structures of any given geometry

INCREASING INDUCTION MOTORS EFFICIENCY BY REDUCING ELECTROMAGNETIC LOADS

The efficiency of any device is a major problem today. The design and construction of high efficiency motors is strongly required from the viewpoint of reducing energy consumption and protecting the environment. This paper deal with the problem of improving efficiency by reducing electrical and magnetic loads of these motors. Using the finite elements method (FEM), the authors will study the influence of these changes on the parameters and characteristics of the initial motor

CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT SHIELDING MATERIALS IN LOW FREQUENCY MAGNETC FIELDS

This work analyses the magnetic shielding for a large variation interval of perturbative field in terms of both amplitude and frequency. Founded on Finite Element Analysis, shields constructed from different materials are studied. Conclusions about materials behavior for a given frequency but different amplitudes are focused on magnetic neliniarity influence about shielding efficiency. In the final part of the research, there are presented some tips about an acceptable shielding attenuation realized with one single layer of material capable to deal with a large spectrum of frequencies and amplitude of magnetic interferences

Study on the End Winding Inductance of Three-Phase Windings in Two Layers

This work addresses the issue of the accuracy with which the stator end winding inductance of A.C. machines is determined in the design stage. Only two-layer windings having a shortened pitch are treated in this paper. The end winding inductance was calculated by determining the distribution of the magnetic field, performing numerical analyses based on finite elements method (FEM).The manner of how the inductances are determined using the analysis results is described in the paper. For validating the procedure, comparisons between FEM results and laboratory tests were performed in case of one of the studied machine. There is a very good correlation between the results. Then, a comparative FEM-Analytical study was carried out. Own program was used to design and build the models necessary in the study. Based on about 130 models, some important conclusions have been depicted