Prognostic model to predict postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery based on a national prospective observational cohort study.

Background: Acute illness, existing co-morbidities and surgical stress response can all contribute to postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. The aim of this study was prospectively to develop a pragmatic prognostic model to stratify patients according to risk of developing AKI after major gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: This prospective multicentre cohort study included consecutive adults undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection, liver resection or stoma reversal in 2-week blocks over a continuous 3-month period. The primary outcome was the rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery. Bootstrap stability was used to select clinically plausible risk factors into the model. Internal model validation was carried out by bootstrap validation. Results: A total of 4544 patients were included across 173 centres in the UK and Ireland. The overall rate of AKI was 14·2 per cent (646 of 4544) and the 30-day mortality rate was 1·8 per cent (84 of 4544). Stage 1 AKI was significantly associated with 30-day mortality (unadjusted odds ratio 7·61, 95 per cent c.i. 4·49 to 12·90; P < 0·001), with increasing odds of death with each AKI stage. Six variables were selected for inclusion in the prognostic model: age, sex, ASA grade, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, planned open surgery and preoperative use of either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker. Internal validation demonstrated good model discrimination (c-statistic 0·65). Discussion: Following major gastrointestinal surgery, AKI occurred in one in seven patients. This preoperative prognostic model identified patients at high risk of postoperative AKI. Validation in an independent data set is required to ensure generalizability

Sciences of the Soul and Intellect Part I. An Arabic Critical Edition and English Translation of EPISTLES 32-36

Epistles 32 to 36 constitute the first five treatises in the third division of the Rasa'il, on the sciences of the soul and intelelct. Combining Islamic revelation with Hellenistic philosophy, the Ikhwān delineate herein their metephysical system. Epistles 32 and 33 present adaptations of Pythagorean doctrines, and of Nepolatonist leitmotivs, whereby a numerical analogy is applied to the unique and transcendent God, or the One, from whom all existence emanates. Epistle 34 takes up the pervasive theme of the correspondence between microcosm and macrocosm, situating the human being as the central link between the celestial and the terrestrial realms. In Epistle 35, we find an explanation of the intellectual faculties of the individual human soul, whose ultimate aim is ascension to the timeless reality of pure intellect. Finally, Epistle 36 presents itself as the astrological epistle par excellence of the Easā'il; from the coming-to-be of worms, to the emergence of religions and empires, nothing in the sub-linar sphere escapes the determining influence of the celestial cycles

Peran Tauhid Dalam Menciptakan Sistem Sosial Ideal (Telaah Kritis Pemikiran Muhammed Baqir Al-Shadr)

187 hlm.; 24 c

Jurnal studi al-qur'an

187 hlm.; 24 c

Muslims: their religious beliefs and practices (volume 1 the formative period)

This volume seeks to redress the lack of critical thought that appears in so many introductory textbooks on Islam.xviii, 155 p.: ill.; 22 c

Ismaili Jurisprudence: A Reaffirmation of Its Early History

A work, entitled Minhāǧ al-farāʾiḍ, is of questionable attribution, even if a copy of the ms clearly mentions al-qāḍī l-Nuʿmān as its author. This paper wants to re-affirm the paternity of al-Nuʿmān and the originality of the Ismaili jurisprudence. This short treatise is examined with reference to the legal writings of al-Nuʿmān. The comparative analysis of legal doctrines, both between the different works of al-Nuʿmān and between the Ismaili fiqh and the legal works of the different schools, leads to outline the development of the Ismaili law and the interrelations between jurists of different schools. It results that Minhāǧ al-farāʾiḍ represents the most ancient stage in the formation of the Ismaili jurisprudence.\ud L’attribution d’une œuvre, intitulée Minhāǧ al-farāʾiḍ, est douteuse, même si un manuscrit mentionne clairement al-qāḍī al-Nuʿmān comme auteur. Cette recherche veut réaffirmer la paternité d’al-Nuʿmān et l’originalité de la jurisprudence ismaélienne. Ce bref traité est ici examiné en comparaison des écrits juridiques d’al-Nuʿmān. L’analyse comparée des doctrines juridiques, à la fois entre les différentes œuvres d’al-Nuʿmān et entre le fiqh ismaélien et les œuvres juridiques des différentes écoles, conduit à décrire le développement du droit ismaélien et les interrelations entre les juristes des différentes écoles. Il en résulte que le Minhāǧ al-farāʾiḍ représente l’étape la plus ancienne dans la formation de la jurisprudence ismaélienne