Inflammatory responses in primary muscle cell cultures in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

GW170817 Most Likely Made a Black Hole

There are two outstanding issues regarding the neutron-star merger event GW170817: the nature of the compact remnant and the interstellar shock. The mass of the remnant of GW170817, $\sim$2.7 $M_\odot$, implies the remnant could be either a massive, rotating, neutron star, or a black hole. We report Chandra Director's Discretionary Time observations made in 2017 December and 2018 January, and we reanalyze earlier observations from 2017 August and 2017 September, in order to address these unresolved issues. We estimate the X-ray flux from a neutron star remnant and compare that to the measured X-ray flux. If we assume that the spin-down luminosity of any putative neutron star is converted to pulsar wind nebula X-ray emission in the 0.5-8 keV band with an efficiency of $10^{-3}$, for a dipole magnetic field with $3 \times 10^{11}$ G < $B$ < $10^{14}$ G, a rising X-ray signal would result and would be brighter than that observed by day 107, we therefore conclude that the remnant of GW170817 is most likely a black hole. Independent of any assumptions of X-ray efficiency, however, if the remnant is a rapidly-rotating, magnetized, neutron star, the total energy in the external shock should rise by a factor $\sim$$10^2$ (to $\sim$$10^{52}$ erg) after a few years, therefore, Chandra observations over the next year or two that do not show substantial brightening will rule out such a remnant. The same observations can distinguish between two different models for the relativistic outflow, either an angular or radially varying structure.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted to ApJ

Transport coefficients of a mesoscopic fluid dynamics model

We investigate the properties of stochastic rotation dynamics (Malevanets-Kapral method), a mesoscopic model used for simulating fluctuating hydrodynamics. Analytical results are given for the transport coefficients. We discuss the most efficient way of measuring the transport properties and obtain excellent agreement between the theoretical and numerical calculations.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, submitted to J. Chem. Phy

The Evolution of British Planning Legislation

A part of the Legal Problems of Metropolitan Area Studies series by the Legislative Research Center of the University of Michigan Law School. Excerpt from the foreword by William J. Pierce, Director, Feb 2 1960: This study, by Beverley J. Pooley, is the first in a series of monographs which will be published by the Center. It deals with the problems which have confronted British legislators and with the resultant Parlimentary enactments-- particularly in the post World War II era. This topic is necessarily broad, and therefore this monograph contains little detailed legal analysis of the various acts. Rather, the writer has presented a descriptive review for American readers, in which attention is focused upon the general nature of the problems and the theory of the legislation. It might well be asked why this paper has been included in a research project whose main concern is the peculiar nature of the American metropolitan problem. We believe that, if our problems are to be solved within the framework of our democratic system, the efforts of another similar democracy to grapple with essentially similar difficulties merit our consideration. Naturally, the differences between British and American governmental organization, constitutional requirements, judicial power, and experience of governmental control of land use should be constantly borne in mind. These differences do not, however, make an understanding of the British experience valueless. On the contrarwe are afforded an opportunity to test the values of our own institutions by observing the recent history of a society which shares our fundamental democratic ideals but differs in some respects as to their optimum effectuation. If a thoughtful perusal of this paper either strengthens or weakens some of our beliefs, either change of attitude may help us to an acceptable solution of our own problems. Britain has produced a startlingly novel and ruthless solution to some of the problems of metropolitan living; we may resolve to follow the example, to utilize some of its features, or to reject it entirely; but it would be shortsighted indeed to ignore it.https://repository.law.umich.edu/michigan_legal_studies/1035/thumbnail.jp