An integrated mathematical model of cellular cholesterol biosynthesis and lipoprotein metabolism

Cholesterol regulation is an important aspect of human health. In this work we bring together and extend two recent mathematical models describing cholesterol biosynthesis and lipoprotein endocytosis to create an integrated model of lipoprotein metabolism in the context of a single hepatocyte. The integrated model includes a description of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and cholesterol synthesis, delipidation of very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs) to LDLs and subsequent lipoprotein endocytosis. Model analysis shows that cholesterol biosynthesis produces the majority of intracellular cholesterol. The availability of free receptors does not greatly effect the concentration of intracellular cholesterol, but has a detrimental effect on extracellular VLDL and LDL levels. We test our model by considering its ability to reproduce the known biology of Familial Hypercholesterolaemia and statin therapy. In each case the model reproduces the known biological behaviour. Quantitative differences in response to statin therapy are discussed in the context of the need to extend the work to a more {\it in vivo} setting via the incorporation of more dietary lipoprotein related processes and the need for further testing and parameterisation of {\it in silico} models of lipoprotein metabolism

Structural characterization of carbon nanotubes via the vibrational density of states

The electrical and chemical properties of carbon nanotubes vary significantly with different chirality and diameter, making the experimental determination of these structural properties important. Here, we show that the vibrational density of states (VDOS) contains information on the structure of carbon nanotubes, particularly at low frequencies. We show that the diameter and chirality of the nanotubes can be determined from the characteristic low frequency $L$ and $L'$ modes in the VDOS. For zigzag nanotubes, the $L$ peak splits into two peaks giving rise to another low energy $L"$ peak. The significant changes in the frequencies and relative intensities of these peaks open up a route to distinguish among structurally different nanotubes. A close study of different orientations of Stone-Wales defects with varying defect density reveals that different structural defects also leave distinct fingerprints in the VDOS, particularly in the $L$ and $L'$ modes. With our results, more structural information can be obtained from experiments which can directly measure the VDOS, such as inelastic electron and inelastic neutron spectroscopy.Comment: 5 Figures, Accepted for publication in Carbo

The Impact of Public Library services on the People of Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India

The study was initiated to understand the impact of public library services on the people of the Tirunelveli district. The public library is a system that provides access to knowledge, information, and works of imagination through a range of resources and services and is equally available to all members of the community regardless of race, nationality, age, gender, religion, language, disability, economic and employment status, and educational attainment. The researcher selected 200 persons randomly from Palayamkottai and Melapalayam, distributed the questionnaires personally, and received 182 fully completed questionnaires from the respondents. Moreover, the researcher found that the Tirunelveli district central library influences its users through valuable resources, services, and staff approache

Socially connected fund managers share investment ideas

Socially connected fund managers share investment ideas Those who are neighbours tend to have more similar portfolios, write Veronika K. Pool, Scott E. Yonker and Noah Stoffma

A handbook of Nebraska grasses : with illustrated keys for their identification, together with a general account of their structure and economic importance

The true grasses belong to the one family Poaceae, often called Gramineae, and constitute a very well defined natural group of plants. This family comprises upward of 3,000 species distributed among almost 300 genera. From the economic point of view the family is of supreme importance thru the fact that here belong the cereals, which supply a large part of the food of man, and the forage grasses which are so important as feed for our domesticated animals. The genera and species are for the most part separated by artificial characters—a fact which renders their study and identification extremely difficult even for the expert. The experience of the authors has convinced them that much of this difficulty is to be credited to the keys found in our common manuals. Theoretically a key is intended to assist one in properly identifying a plant, but actually many of the keys, upon close inspection. are found to contain so many vague and contradictory statements that they can be depended upon only by the expert who, on account of his working knowledge, makes slight use of the keys. It occurred to the senior author some years ago that an illustrated key might solve many of these difficulties. An accurate illustration conveys a more definite idea of any particular structure and leaves less room for doubt than any number of words. In fact, the serious and annoying inaccuracies of most keys to the grasses became more and more apparent as the work of preparing the illustrations progressed. The authors are fully convinced that illustrated keys of the type here employed will prove useful in many other groups of plants. The nomenclature here employed is largely that of the seventh edition of Gray\u27s Manual—tho our purpose has not been to insist upon any particular name but to provide means whereby the student can with some certainty attach to any given plant some one name which has been properly authorized. The present key includes most of the species known to occur in Nebraska, tho a few of minor importance and very restricted distribution have been omitted. There are provided also some data on the economic value of certain of the most important species. The illustrations for the grass keys have been drawn expressly for this publication. They are derived in part from actual authentic specimens and in part redrawn in modified form from various manuals and monographs. T he authors have made free use of the manuals, monographs. etc., included in the Bibliography and take this opportunity to commend these publications to the attention of all who wish to learn more of our common grasses. It is hoped that the keys here presented will facilitate the study of the grass flora of Nebraska by farmers and students

A Collaborative Approach to Developing Culturally Themed Digital Collections

The College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Kentucky (UK) has created the Passport to the World Program (PWP) to celebrate campus-wide the cultural heritage of a country or region every academic year. The UK Libraries International Programs has been an active contributor to PWP by collaborating with faculty and different library departments to develop unique digital collections that serve to connect viewers with the featured country or region. To begin with, the Director of the International Programs (DIP) consults faculty and librarians at the UK Libraries Special Collections Research Center to select relevant materials for digitization. She also sources interesting artifacts from the larger community to create compilations of digital photos. Afterward, DIP invites faculty to annotate the images in order to highlight the cultural and historical significance of the materials and artifacts. The images, their annotations, and the accompanying metadata are ingested into UK’s institutional repository to create a virtual exhibit that is freely accessible online. At the same time, a corresponding physical exhibit is set up in the library to showcase the images. People interested in learning more about the images can scan QR codes to view the virtual exhibit, read the annotations, and download the images. Since the institutional repository tracks download rates of available items, faculty who have contributed to the virtual exhibit receive periodical notifications of the download counts of the images. The repository platform also offers an online dashboard for DIP and the faculty to assess the page hits of the virtual exhibit and to analyze the geographical and institutional distributions of the downloads. As part of the repository holdings, the virtual exhibit is preserved through the library’s participation in the Digital Preservation Network. This presentation demonstrates that the library can play a significant role in supporting a campus-wide initiative by leveraging its resources and services to build, assess, and preserve culturally themed digital collections. The outcome not only helps promote the awareness of a foreign culture but also increases the visibility of some little-known artifacts and rare library materials

A Collaborative Approach to Developing Culturally Themed Digital Collections

The College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Kentucky (UK) has created the Passport to the World Program (PWP) to celebrate campus-wide the cultural heritage of a country or region every academic year. The UK Libraries International Programs has been an active contributor to PWP by collaborating with faculty and different library departments to develop unique digital collections that serve to connect viewers with the featured country or region. To begin with, the Director of the International Programs (DIP) consults faculty and librarians at the UK Libraries Special Collections Research Center to select relevant materials for digitization. She also sources interesting artifacts from the larger community to create compilations of digital photos. Afterward, DIP invites faculty to annotate the images in order to highlight the cultural and historical significance of the materials and artifacts. The images, their annotations, and the accompanying metadata are ingested into UK’s institutional repository to create a virtual exhibit that is freely accessible online. At the same time, a corresponding physical exhibit is set up in the library to showcase the images. People interested in learning more about the images can scan QR codes to view the virtual exhibit, read the annotations, and download the images. Since the institutional repository tracks download rates of available items, faculty who have contributed to the virtual exhibit receive periodical notifications of the download counts of the images. The repository platform also offers an online dashboard for DIP and the faculty to assess the page hits of the virtual exhibit and to analyze the geographical and institutional distributions of the downloads. As part of the repository holdings, the virtual exhibit is preserved through the library’s participation in the Digital Preservation Network. This presentation demonstrates that the library can play a significant role in supporting a campus-wide initiative by leveraging its resources and services to build, assess, and preserve culturally themed digital collections. The outcome not only helps promote the awareness of a foreign culture but also increases the visibility of some little-known artifacts and rare library materials

Remaily Seedless Grape

Since the late 19th century when grape breeding began at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, a major goal has been to combine certain fruit attributes such as seedlessness, crisp texture, and adherent skin of Vitis vinifera L. table grapes with some of the vegetative characters such as disease resistance and cold hardiness of native American hybrid (V. labruscana, Bailey) grape cultivars

Co-producing artistic approaches to social cohesion

This paper examines the potential of co-produced arts-based methodologies through the lens of a social cohesion project, from the perspectives of five artists. Arts methodologies can be useful in working across different disciplines and across university and community boundaries to create equitable knowledge production processes. The ways in which art is used in community settings as a mode of collaboration are explored, using the reflections from five artists who were involved in the social cohesion project together. This paper argues that coproducing artistic approaches to social cohesion is a complex, multilayered and sometimes fragile process, but that recognizing and discussing understandings of the role of power and voice within co-produced projects enables effective team communication