Assessment of Invitro Anticancer Potential of Marine Derived Fungus Collected from South West Coast of Tamilnadu

Cancer is currently one of the most globally prevalent diseases. Furthermore, the incidence of cancer is steadily increasing, accompanying the ageing and growth of populations, as well as imbalanced life-styles and declining environmental conditions. The present work describes the anticancer activity of marine sediment derived fungus obtained during the course of sampling. The marine sediments were collected from the south west coastal area of Tamilnadu. Sampling results in the isolation of 58 fungi belongs to 37 genera. Among the 58 fungal isolates, the frequent fungus Aspergillus flavus was isolated from the sediment based on frequency of distribution, while it was cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) amended with streptomycin 150 units/ml. The second half of the study was based on the production of secondary metabolites on different fermentation medium. The metabolites were concentrated using rotary vacuum evaporator. The anticancer activity of the metabolites was evaluated on HeLa cell lines purchased from National centre for cell sciences, Pune. Further the result revealed that the metabolite produced by the isolated fungus has showed positive cell inhibitory effect on cell lines. The determined IC50 value of the metabolite was 29.03 µg/ml. The study concludes that the marine derived organisms especially fungus is a promising target to be exploited against the hunt for cancer

Nanotechnology-Based Stem Cell Therapy: Current Status and Perspectives

The nanoparticles or nanobots are equivalent to the size of biological molecules of the human body and this is claimed to be the massive advantage of nanotechnology. Currently, top-down and bottom-up fabrication methods are being adopted to synthesize nanomaterials. Hence, the products developed from nanotechnology can be used for assessment of several biological parameters under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Effective production of nanoparticles, accompanied by the advent of novel characterization studies, enables us to manipulate the arrangement of atoms distributed on the surface of the nanomaterials to make it functionally more effective than before. In addition to the support imparted by nanotechnology, it also plays a primary role in the field of diagnostics. Another important outcome of nanotechnology is nanomedicine, which deals with the site-specific delivery of drugs with the aid of fabricated nanosystems. The advent of technology in recent years has enabled researchers to build novel forms of drug delivery systems like liposomes, dendrimers, nanoparticles and nanocrystals, which in turn ensure the précised delivery of drugs to suitable targets. Several need-based and value-added applications of nanotechnology are enlisted in the chapter

Expression analysis of sound vibration-regulated genes by touch treatment in Arabidopsis

Sound vibration (SV) is considered to be a mechanical stimulus which gives rise to various physiological and molecular changes in plants. Previously, we identified 17 SV-regulated genes (SRGs) which were up-regulated by SV treatments in Arabidopsis. Here, we analyzed the expression pattern of similar genes after an exposure of 500 Hertz at 80 decibels, for various time periods. Simultaneously, we confirmed the SV-mediated expression of these genes under lighted condition as many of them were reported to be dark-induced. For this, we designed an improved SV treatment chamber. Additionally, we checked the electrolyte leakage (EL), photosynthetic performance and expression of mechanosensitive (MS) ion channel genes after 5 days of SV treatment in the illuminated chamber. EL was higher, and the photosynthetic performance index was lower in the SV-treated plants compared to control. Seven out of the 13 MS ion channel genes were differentially expressed after the SV treatment. Simultaneously, we checked the touch mediated expression pattern of 17 SRGs and 13 MS ion channel genes. The distinct expression pattern of 6 SRGs and 1 MS ion channel gene generate an idea that SV as a stimulus is different from touch. Developmental stage-specific expression profiling suggested that the majority of the SRGs were expressed spatiotemporally in different developmental stages of Arabidopsis, especially in imbibed seed, seedlings and leaves

Sequential decarboxylative azide–alkyne cycloaddition and dehydrogenative coupling reactions: one-pot synthesis of polycyclic fused triazoles

Herein, we describe a one-pot protocol for the synthesis of a novel series of polycyclic triazole derivatives. Transition metal-catalyzed decarboxylative CuAAC and dehydrogenative cross coupling reactions are combined in a single flask and achieved good yields of the respective triazoles (up to 97% yield). This methodology is more convenient to produce the complex polycyclic molecules in a simple way

Thermal induced structural and magnetic transformations in Fe_{73.5−x}Ce_{x=0,3,5,7}Si_{13.5}B_9Nb_3Cu_1 amorphous alloy

Structural and magnetic properties of amorphous and partly crystallized Fe_{73.5−x}Ce_{x=0,3,5,7}Si_{13.5}B_9Nb_3Cu_1 alloys, were analysed in the temperature ranging from RT to 800 °C with scanning calorimetry and magnetometry. The Fe(Si) and Fe(B) structures were identified and characterised with set of crystallization temperatures and activation energies. Also, Curie temperatures for amorphous and for crystalline structures were determined and analysed as functions of Ce content