3,873 research outputs found

    State Order for the Training of Specialists With Higher Education and Optimisation of the Higher Education Network

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    The relevance of the study is determined by the need to analyse the effectiveness of the development of the state order and the optimisation of the higher education network as important aspects of the recovery of the economy of Ukraine in the conditions of the war and the post-war period. The result of the scientific work is the examination of the issue of the distribution of the state order both in general and in relation to each individual educational programme, the shortcomings of the current system and possible ways to eliminate them in the post-war period; the proposed mechanism for optimising the higher education network

    Braiding of anyonic quasiparticles in the charge transfer statistics of symmetric fractional edge-state Mach-Zehnder interferometer

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    We have studied the zero-temperature statistics of the charge transfer between the two edges of Quantum Hall liquids of, in general, different filling factors, Ξ½0,1=1/(2m0,1+1)\nu_{0,1}=1/(2 m_{0,1}+1), with m0β‰₯m1β‰₯0m_0 \geq m_1\geq 0, forming Mach-Zehnder interferometer. General expression for the cumulant generating function in the large-time limit is obtained for symmetric interferometer with equal propagation times along the two edges between the contacts and constant bias voltage. The low-voltage limit of the generating function can be interpreted in terms of the regular Poisson process of electron tunneling, while its leading large-voltage asymptotics is proven to coincide with the solution of kinetic equation describing quasiparticle transitions between the mm states of the interferometer with different effective flux through it, where m≑1+m0+m1m\equiv 1+m_{0}+m_{1}. For m>1m>1, this dynamics reflects both the fractional charge e/me/m and the fractional statistical angle Ο€/m\pi /m of the tunneling quasiparticles. Explicit expressions for the second (shot noise) and third cumulants are obtained, and their voltage dependence is analyzed.Comment: 11 two-column pages, 4 figure

    Minimum-correlation mixed quantum states

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    We consider states leading to the equality sign in the uncertainty inequalities associated with correlations in open quantum systems which have been recently derived by Ponomarenko and Wolf [Phys. Rev. A 63, 062106 (2001)]. The new inequalities involve fluctuations defined in terms of the square of the density operator that characterizes mixed states. We find the minimum-correlation states associated with the quadratures of single-mode and two-mode electromagnetic fields in a cavity and for the angular momentum operators which can describe atomic degrees of freedom. We show that while in the case of single-mode quadratures the functional form of the minimum-correlation state is uniquely specified, this is not so for the other pairs of noncommuting operators. In general, the states with the least amount of correlations are mixed and they exhibit squeezing

    Fractional charge in transport through a 1D correlated insulator of finite length

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    Transport through a one channel wire of length LL confined between two leads is examined when the 1D electron system has an energy gap 2M2M: M>TL≑vc/LM > T_L \equiv v_c/L induced by the interaction in charge mode (vcv_c: charge velocity in the wire). In spinless case the transformation of the leads electrons into the charge density wave solitons of fractional charge qq entails a non-trivial low energy crossover from the Fermi liquid behavior below the crossover energy Tx∝TLMeβˆ’M/[TL(1βˆ’q2)]T_x \propto \sqrt{T_L M} e^{-M /[T_L(1-q^2)]} to the insulator one with the fractional charge in current vs. voltage, conductance vs. temperature, and in shot noise. Similar behavior is predicted for the Mott insulator of filling factor Ξ½=integer/(2mβ€²)\nu = integer/(2 m').Comment: 5 twocolumn pages in RevTex, no figure

    Π”ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ фармакоэкономика инсулиновой Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π² странах с наибольшим количСством Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ

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    The aim of the review was to analyze the availability of insulin therapy and the ways to improve it in countries with the largest number of patients with diabetes. It was also aimed to assess the medical, social and economic importance of insulin therapy and industrial production of therapeutic recombinant insulin.Materials and methods. The analysis was based on the data taken from monographs and publications in peer-reviewed journals, reports of companies and medical organizations, and the information available in the Internet. The demand and supply in the market of recombinant therapeutic insulin, the insulin market segmentation, and the costs for insulin replacement therapy in countries with the largest number of patients with diabetes were studied. Results and discussion. The pro- and contra- arguments regarding the import of insulin and its impact on the national budget are presented. Technological specifics of recombinant insulin production are discussed; the funding and investments in the biopharmaceutical sector are analyzed. The benefits of industrial production of recombinant therapeutic insulin and its impact on the regional and national economy are demonstrated.Conclusion. The availability of therapeutic insulin in most countries with the largest number of diabetics is unsatisfactory and needs a radical improvement. By analyzing the economic aspects of diabetes and the pharmacoeconomics of insulin, it is advised to develop a modern management system for insulin replacement therapy, especially in countries with large numbers of diabetics. The use of innovative technologies will reduce the production costs of recombinant therapeutic insulin, increase the availability of insulin therapy and thereby improve the quality of life in diabetic patients. Evidence that the production of therapeutic insulin has a positive effect not only on the healthcare, but on the socio-economic situation in the region is also provided. Countries with a number of diabetics exceeding 5 million are encouraged to launch their own production of recombinant therapeutic insulin. The results of the present analysis confirm that half of them are able to manufacture adequate human insulin and/or its analogues. ЦСль – Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· доступности инсулиновой Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ Π΅Π΅ ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² странах с наибольшим количСством ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-экономичСская Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ инсулиновой Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ производства ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ инсулина.ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Анализ проводился Π½Π° основС Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Ρ†Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΆΡƒΡ€Π½Π°Π»Π°Ρ…, ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² фармацСвтичСских ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ мСдицинских ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π»Π΅Π²Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π² сСти Π˜Π½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚. Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ спрос ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΊΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ инсулина, сСгмСнтация Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΊΠ° инсулина ΠΈ ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ инсулиновой Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π² странах с наибольшим количСством Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… сахарным Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ обсуТдСниС. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π°Ρ€Π³ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·Ρƒ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ² ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π° инсулина ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ влияния Π½Π° государствСнный Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚. ΠžΠ±ΡΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ тСхнологичСскиС особСнности производства Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ инсулина, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ финансированиС ΠΈ инвСстиции Π² биофармацСвтичСский сСктор. ΠŸΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ‹ прСимущСства ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ производства ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ инсулина ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ влияниС Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ экономику.Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π”ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² инсулина Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅ стран с наибольшим количСством Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ являСтся Π½Π΅ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Анализ эпидимиологичСских, экономичСских аспСктов Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Ρ‚Π° ΠΈ фармакоэкономики инсулина ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ соврСмСнной систСмы управлСния Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ инсулинотСрапиСй, особСнно Π² странах с большим количСством Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ. ИспользованиС ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ производства ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ инсулина, ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ инсулиновой Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ самым ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ качСство ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ. Π’ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ производство ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² инсулина ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ влияниС Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π½Π° Π·Π΄Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΡΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅. Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π°ΠΌ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… число Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ 5 ΠΌΠ»Π½ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ, рСкомСндуСтся Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ собствСнноС производство ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ инсулина. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ… Π² состоянии Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ производство Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ количСства чСловСчСского инсулина ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²

    НСтрадиційні ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ–ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Ρ– ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π½Ρ–ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π² Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ… Ρ–Π½Π΅Ρ€Ρ†Ρ–Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ— ΠΎΡ€Ρ–Ρ”Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ—

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    The article considers the nonclassical quaternions and pentanions of helf-rotations of solidbody and their application in problems of control and orientation of moving objects. In contrast to classicalrationed Hamiltonian quaternions of complete rotations the nonclassical quaternions of helf-rotations maybe null, they have variable rates, depending on the angle of Euler finite rotationРассматрСны нСклассичСскиС ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΠ²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² задачахуправлСния ΠΈ ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ двиТущихся ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ². Π’ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ классичСских Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ нСклассичСскиС ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΠ²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½ΡƒΠ»Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹, зависящиС ΠΎΡ‚ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π° эйлСрова ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ вращСнияРозглянуто нСкласичні ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ–ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Ρ– ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π½Ρ–ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ напівобСртання Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ–Π»Π° Ρ‚Π° Ρ—Ρ… застосування Π² Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ… кСрування Ρ– ΠΎΡ€Ρ–Ρ”Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— Ρ€ΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ… об’єктів. На Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΌΡ–Π½Ρƒ Π²Ρ–Π΄ класичних Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… Π³Π°ΠΌΡ–Π»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠ±Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π°Π½ΡŒ нСкласичні ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ–ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ напівобСртання ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ Π±ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ Π½ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ Π·ΠΌΡ–Π½Π½Ρ– Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈ, Ρ‰ΠΎ Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²Ρ–Π΄ ΠΊΡƒΡ‚Π° Π΅ΠΉΠ»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡ–Π½Ρ†Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π°Π½Π½

    ДиСтичСскиС Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° эпидСмичСский процСсс COVID-19

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    Objective: to analyze the role of diet in the epidemiological parameters of the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus and identify factors that correlate withthe reduction in the severity of the consequences of COVID-19 disease, namely the rate of prevalence (RPr) and infection fatality rate (IFR) in different regions.Material and methods. The information and data required for this study were found in scientific publications and the media available on the Internet, as well as obtained from statistical databases using specific keywords, both for a single tag and in various combinations of them. Statistical samples were managed from sources and facts available on the Internet. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to understand a statistical relationship between two variables.Results. The relationship between nutritional factors and the impact of the 15-month COVID-19 pandemic in different regions was investigated using various available statistics for five continents and 47 countries. A clear relationship was found between the outcomes of the SARSCoV-2 epidemic (RPr and IFR) and the amount of consumed essential nutrients, with correlations in the negative range r=–0.98 and r=–0.66 for plant proteins and with correlation coefficients r=0.92 for animal proteins. Also, excessive sugar consumption increased the severity of COVID-19 with correlation coefficients in the range of r=0.99–0.72 in the representative samples.Conclusion. Statistical analysis presented that the number of diagnosed patients with SARS-CoV-2 (RPr) and deaths from COVID-19 (IFR) was significantly lower in regions where more plant foods were consumed than animal products. A detailed study of the relationship between the Coronavirus and the host as well as the metabolism of protein and sugar may reveal the diet factors responsible for resistance to the pathogen. Edible plants can contain components responsible for suppressing the replication cycle of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Biochemical investigation of these components would help in the development of etiological oral administrated anti-COVID-9 medicine.ЦСль: ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° питания Π² эпидСмиологичСских ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ… коронавируса SARS-CoV-2 ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹, ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ со сниТСниСм тяТСсти послСдствий заболСвания COVID-19, Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ частотой заболСваСмости (Π°Π½Π³Π». rate of prevalence, RPr) ΠΈ смСртности (Π°Π½Π³Π». infection fatality rate, IFR) Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ….ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π˜Π½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Π΅ для этой Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹, Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π² Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… публикациях ΠΈ срСдствах массовой ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, доступных Π² Π˜Π½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚Π΅, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ· Π±Π°Π· статистичСских Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… с использованиСм ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… слов для ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅Π³Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΡ… комбинациях. БтатистичСскиС Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ сформированы ΠΈΠ· источников ΠΈ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ², доступных Π² Π˜Π½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚Π΅. ΠšΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅Π»ΡΡ†ΠΈΡ для Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ коэффициСнт ΠŸΠΈΡ€ΡΠΎΠ½Π°.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Π’Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ питания ΠΈ влияниСм 15-мСсячной ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ COVID-19 Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ… Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° исслСдована с использованиСм Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… доступных статистичСских Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎ пяти ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ ΠΈ 47 странам. ΠžΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° чСткая связь ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ исходами эпидСмии SARS-CoV-2 (RPr ΠΈ IFR) ΠΈ количСством ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… основных Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с коррСляциями Π² ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ r=–0,98 ΠΈ r=–0,66 для Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ коэффициСнтом коррСляции r=0,92 для Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ происхоТдСния. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ‡Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ сахара ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ Ρ‚ΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ тСчСния COVID-19 с коэффициСнтами коррСляции Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ r=0,99–0,72 Π² Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠ°Ρ….Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. БтатистичСский Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ количСство диагностированных ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с SARS-CoV-2 (RPr) ΠΈ смСртСй ΠΎΡ‚ COVID-19 (IFR) Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ…, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ большС Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΈΡ‰ΠΈ, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ происхоТдСния. Π”Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ взаимосвязи ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ коронавирусом ΠΈ хозяином, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ сахаров ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ питания, отвСтствСнныС Π·Π° ΡƒΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΉΡ‡ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Ρƒ. Π‘ΡŠΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹Π΅ растСния ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹, отвСтствСнныС Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ вируса SARS-CoV-2. БиохимичСскиС исслСдования этих ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ этиологичСских ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΡ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ² COVID-19

    Detecting synchronization of self-sustained oscillators by external driving with varying frequency

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    We propose a method for detecting the presence of synchronization of self-sustained oscillator by external driving with linearly varying frequency. The method is based on a continuous wavelet transform of the signals of self-sustained oscillator and external force and allows one to distinguish the case of true synchronization from the case of spurious synchronization caused by linear mixing of the signals. We apply the method to driven van der Pol oscillator and to experimental data of human heart rate variability and respiration.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure

    Density of states and zero Landau level probed through capacitance of graphene

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    We report capacitors in which a finite electronic compressibility of graphene dominates the electrostatics, resulting in pronounced changes in capacitance as a function of magnetic field and carrier concentration. The capacitance measurements have allowed us to accurately map the density of states D, and compare it against theoretical predictions. Landau oscillations in D are robust and zero Landau level (LL) can easily be seen at room temperature in moderate fields. The broadening of LLs is strongly affected by charge inhomogeneity that leads to zero LL being broader than other levels
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