Ethnozoology and entomophagy of Ao tribe in the district of Mokokchung, Nagaland

The Ao Naga tribe inhabiting Mokokchung district of Nagaland, has a rich tradition of entomophagy. This paper explores their traditional knowledge and practice of entomophagy. Information on the mode of collection of the insects, cooking recipes, nutritional knowledge if any, allergies etc. were gathered using a questionnaire along with interviews of village elders, sellers and consumers. Eleven (11) edible insects species were identified out of which a few were found to be available all year-round, while some were reported to be available on a seasonal basis. In the present study, insects from coleoptera (2), hemiptera (3), hymenoptera (2), lepidoptera (3), and orthoptera (1) were identified. One species (Lepidoptera) was identified only to genus level, and another species (Hemiptera), was identified as an edible species for the first time

Ethnozoology and entomophagy of Ao tribe in the district of Mokokchung, Nagaland

508-515The Ao Naga tribe inhabiting Mokokchung district of Nagaland, has a rich tradition of entomophagy. This paper explores their traditional knowledge and practice of entomophagy. Information on the mode of collection of the insects, cooking recipes, nutritional knowledge if any, allergies etc. were gathered using a questionnaire along with interviews of village elders, sellers and consumers. Eleven (11) edible insects species were identified out of which a few were found to be available all year-round, while some were reported to be available on a seasonal basis. In the present study, insects from coleoptera (2), hemiptera (3), hymenoptera (2), lepidoptera (3), and orthoptera (1) were identified. One species (Lepidoptera) was identified only to genus level, and another species (Hemiptera), was identified as an edible species for the first time

Synthesis of 4-thio-d-glucopyranose and interconversion to 4-thio-d-glucofuranose.

Sulfur containing glycosides offer an exciting prospect for inclusion within noncanonical glycan sequences, particularly as enabling probes for chemical glycobiology and for carbohydrate-based therapeutic development. In this context, we required access to 4-thio-d-glucopyranose and sought its chemical synthesis. Unable to isolate this material in homogenous form, we observed instead a thermodynamic preference for interconversion of the pyranose to 4-thio-d-glucofuranose. Accordingly, we present an improved method to access both bis(4-thio-d-glucopyranoside)-4,4'-disulfide and 4-thio-d-glucofuranose from a single precursor, demonstrating that the latter compound can be accessed from the former using a dithiothreitol controlled reduction of the disulfide. The dithiothreitol-mediated interconversion between pyranose (monomer and disulfide) and furanose forms for this thiosugar is monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy over a 24-h period. Access to these materials will support accessing sulfur-containing mimetics of glucose and derivatives therefrom, such as sugar nucleotides

Developments in the Chemical Synthesis of Heparin and Heparan Sulfate.

Heparin and heparan sulfate represent key members of the glycosaminoglycan family of carbohydrates and underpin considerable repertoires of biological importance. As such, their efficiency of synthesis represents a key requirement, to further understand and exploit the H/HS structure-to-biological function axis. In this review we focus on chemical approaches to and methodology improvements for the synthesis of these essential sugars (from 2015 onwards). We first consider advances in accessing the heparin-derived pentasaccharide anticoagulant fondaparinux. This is followed by heparan sulfate targets, including key building block synthesis, oligosaccharide construction and chemical sulfation techniques. We end with a consideration of technological improvements to traditional, solution-phase synthesis approaches that are increasingly being utilised

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Not AvailableNRCL Newsletter Vol. 5(1) Jan-June, 2019Not Availabl

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Not AvailableStrawberries are among the most popular and attractive fruits due to their high visual appeal and desirable flavour. As strawberry is a non-climacteric fruit, it is harvested essentially fully ripe. However, the fruit has a high rate of metabolism and deteriorates in a relatively short time, even without the presence of decay-causing pathogens. The fruits are very soft and very susceptible to mechanical injury, physiological disorders, fungal attack and water loss. The resultant short post-harvest life limits consumer access to and fresh market potential for this valuable fruit crop. The present chapter embodies appropriate post-harvest technologies for successful handling and storage of strawberry in light of available literature.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAlmost one-third of the 1.3 billion tonnes of food produced is wasted or lost in the complicated journey from field to consumers. Improper postharvest handling, unfavorable environment and storage regimes, insect pests, and diseases are some important factors that cause this huge loss. Synthetic chemicals have been popularly commercialized for the control of postharvest pathogens and insect infestations. However, growing concerns due to potential health hazards have restricted the use of chemicals in postharvest management. Researchers have, therefore, felt the urgent need to develop safe, effective, and nondamaging physical treatments for disinfection and disinfestation of horticultural produce. This chapter discusses the beneficial uses of heat treatment of fruits and vegetables for maintaining produce quality and reducing postharvest losses.Not Availabl

<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">In vitro </i>regenerative competence of foliar explants of<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"> Cymbidium aloifolium </i>(L.) Sw. and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">C. iridioides</i> D. Don: Two horticultural important orchids

402-408In vitro regenerative potentials of foliar explants of Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw. and C. iridioides D. Don. were assessed. About 52% explants of C. aloifolium invoked meristematic loci, followed by shoot buds formation after 65 d of culture on MS medium containing sucrose (3% w/v), α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA; 6 µM) and benzyl adenine (BA; 9 µM). While 60% of leaf explants of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">C. iridioides exhibited a similar response on the above basal medium enriched with NAA (9 µM) and BA (3 µM). The better morphogenic response was recorded with explants cultured in upright orientation. The shoot buds developed from the foliar explants of C. aloifolium differentiated into rooted plantlets (12 plantlets/explant) on MS medium containing sucrose (3%) and BA (3 µM); while in case of C. iridioides, about 20 plantlets/explant were developed after 3-4 wk of culture on MS medium fortified with sucrose (3%), casein hydrolysate (100 mg L-1), coconut water (15%) and NAA (3 µM)+BA (6 µM). The well rooted plantlets of both the species were hardened for 4-6 wk on 1/10th MS salt solution containing sucrose (1%) but free from plant growth regulators. In the hardening medium, charcoal pieces, brick pieces and chopped mosses (at 1:1:1 ratio) were incorporated as supporting material. After hardening, the regenerated plantlets of both the species were transferred to the community potting mix with 75-80% survivors after two months of transfer under polyhouse condition