5 research outputs found

    A REFERENCE TO THE ECOLOGICAL LEGISLATIONS AND GOVERNMENTAL ACTIONS FOR THE PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION OF ENVIRONMENT AND BIODIVERSITY IN INDIA

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    Environmentalism is not a fixed concept. It is always evolving and is influenced by its context. This also applies to Indian environmentalism. The concept of environmentalism has developed and changed throughout the years. There is a rapid evolution in the Indian legislation on the environment after independence. We can see environmental laws even from ancient times which include Buddhism and Jainism rules. The legacy of these ancient laws continues to the medieval and British era and the coming of modern legislations on environmental laws in India. A great sense of concern has been shown by the legislature and even the Indian judiciary regarding the environment with its landmark judgments. The Hon'ble Supreme Court through its various judgements also held that the right to life includes right to clean environment, drinking water and pollution free atmosphere. These judgments include the famous Taj Mahal Case, Dehradun Valley Case, Smoking in Public Places Case, Pollution in Delhi Case, Sri Ram Food and Fertilizer Case, Public Health Case, Public Park Case and several landmark judgments on Sustainable development.The policies regarding the environment has changed very rapidly through legislations as well as the judicial interpretations but still there is need of further growth and development in this regard.The environmental protection legislation in many countries is not effective like in the case of India. The regulations are only effective if they are properly enforced. The proper enforcement of these laws were not done in India as of now.Because of the huge population of India there have been enormous demands placed on the environment and these regulations are not efficient in dealing with the current scenario. Keywords: Environment, Legislation, Pollutio

    Relationship Between Climate Change, Debt, Nutrition and Health During COVID-19 Pandemic, 2022

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    Running between 2019 and 2022, the project ‘Depleted by Debt? Focusing a gendered lens on climate resilience, credit and nutrition in Cambodia and South India’ has undertaken cutting-edge interdisciplinary research during the COVID-19 pandemic on some of the most pressing issues impacting rural communities today. The data collected - via quantitative surveys, semi-structured qualitative interviews, and photo-elicitation -evidences how household over-indebtedness needs to be understood and tackled in tandem with the climate crisis and the negative impacts these are both having on people’s health and well-being.Small-scale credit is exalted in mainstream development thinking as a key means of supporting women and their families in dealing with daily, ongoing, and often slow-onset climate disasters. Facing growing crises of agricultural productivity from droughts and floods, and taking primary responsibility for the nutritional wellbeing of their households, women are targeted as credit borrowers globally. Credit provisioning therefore speaks to the push for 'resilience' against climate disasters that is central to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13, 'Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts', and which has serious implications for SDG 5 'Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls' that prioritises the valuing and recognition of women's unpaid care and domestic work. How do we ensure, then, that 'climate resilience' does not come at the cost of women's emotional and bodily depletion through processes of household nutrition provisioning? This is the key concern motivating the project which asks: (1) In what ways is credit, as a form of climate resilience, shaping nutritional provisioning? (2) How are the dynamics of nutrition provisioning and credit-taking in a changing climate being experienced and visualised? (3) What are the gender and social reproductive dynamics of the climate-credit-nutrition nexus? (4) What lessons can be learned to deliver improved and more equitable credit provisioning and nutritional outcomes to households and communities affected by slow-onset climate disasters? The project is set within the political economy contexts of Cambodia and Tamil Nadu, India.</p

    Aboriginal Tribe’s Knowledge of the Endangered Freshwater Turtle Cuora amboinensis in Car Nicobar, a Remote Oceanic Island in the Bay of Bengal

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    Freshwater turtles are among the least studied faunas in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Here, we report the presence of freshwater turtles (Cuora amboinensis) from Car Nicobar, a small remote island in the Nicobar archipelago comprising the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the people belonging to Nicobarese tribes (n = 233) to gather their local ecological knowledge as supportive information to obtain a better understanding of the status of turtles in Car Nicobar. Most interviewees (90%) opined that freshwater turtles are found to be rare or very rare on the Island. All the respondents (100%) expressed willingness to contribute to future conservation projects. Community-level awareness emerged as a prominent issue for future conservation using the Garrett ranking method. A stream network map was prepared using the digital elevation model to visualize streams and potential habitats of turtles. This report on the freshwater turtles is essential from an ecological perspective since information is scarce on the freshwater turtles in Car Nicobar. This study emphasizes the importance of the engagement of stakeholders in conservation projects and recommends providing adequate attention to the conservation and protection of freshwater turtle diversity in Car Nicobar

    Plant size, latitude, and phylogeny explain within-population variability in herbivory

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    Interactions between plants and herbivores are central in most ecosystems, but their strength is highly variable. The amount of variability within a system is thought to influence most aspects of plant-herbivore biology, from ecological stability to plant defense evolution. Our understanding of what influences variability, however, is limited by sparse data. We collected standardized surveys of herbivory for 503 plant species at 790 sites across 116° of latitude. With these data, we show that within-population variability in herbivory increases with latitude, decreases with plant size, and is phylogenetically structured. Differences in the magnitude of variability are thus central to how plant-herbivore biology varies across macroscale gradients. We argue that increased focus on interaction variability will advance understanding of patterns of life on Earth
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