LE CONTRÔLE DE GESTION ENVIRONNEMENTALE D'UNE ENTREPRISE

Dans cette recherche, nous étudions comment s'opère le contrôle de gestion environnementale. Cette problématique est abordée dans une perspective contingente et nous proposons un modèle théorique qui met en évidence l'impact de certaines variables sur les systèmes de contrôle de la gestion environnementale. Certains liens présents dans ce modèle sont discutés à travers une étude de cas.contrôle ; gestion environnementale ; théorie de la contingence ;étude de cas

L'impact de la stratégie environnementale, des pressions perçues des " stakeholders " environnementaux et de l'incertitude perçue de l'environnement écologique sur un système de contrôle de gestion environnemental formel

Dans ce papier, nous présentons les résultats d'une étude empirique qui examine l'impact de la stratégie environnementale, des pressions perçues des " stakeholders " environnementaux et de l'incertitude perçue de l'environnement écologique sur le développement et la mise en place d'un système de contrôle de gestion environnemental formel.impact de la stratégie environnementale; pressions perçues; environnement écologique; contrôle de gestion

Comprendre la différence entre cotation et indexation

Cette fiche pratique fournit des définitions et explications des opérations de cotation et indexation réalisées dans le cadre du traitement documentaire de collections

The SUMOylation pathway suppresses arbovirus replication in <i>Aedes aegypti</i> cells

Mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of many clinically important arboviruses that cause significant levels of annual mortality and socioeconomic health burden worldwide. Deciphering the mechanisms by which mosquitoes modulate arbovirus infection is crucial to understand how viral-host interactions promote vector transmission and human disease. SUMOylation is a post-translational modification that leads to the covalent attachment of the Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier (SUMO) protein to host factors, which in turn can modulate their stability, interaction networks, sub-cellular localisation, and biochemical function. While the SUMOylation pathway is known to play a key role in the regulation of host immune defences to virus infection in humans, the importance of this pathway during arbovirus infection in mosquito vectors, such as Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti), remains unknown. Here we characterise the sequence, structure, biochemical properties, and tissue-specific expression profiles of component proteins of the Ae. aegypti SUMOylation pathway. We demonstrate significant biochemical differences between Ae. aegypti and Homo sapiens SUMOylation pathways and identify cell-type specific patterns of SUMO expression in Ae. aegypti tissues known to support arbovirus replication. Importantly, depletion of core SUMOylation effector proteins (SUMO, Ubc9 and PIAS) in Ae. aegypti cells led to enhanced levels of arbovirus replication from three different families; Zika (Flaviviridae), Semliki Forest (Togaviridae), and Bunyamwera (Bunyaviridae) viruses. Our findings identify an important role for mosquito SUMOylation in the cellular restriction of arboviruses that may directly influence vector competence and transmission of clinically important arboviruses

Host Inflammatory Response to Mosquito Bites Enhances the Severity of Arbovirus Infection

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are responsible for trans- mitting many medically important viruses such as those that cause Zika and dengue. The inoculation of viruses into mosquito bite sites is an important and common stage of all mosquito-borne virus infec- tions. We show, using Semliki Forest virus and Bunyamwera virus, that these viruses use this inflam- matory niche to aid their replication and dissemina- tion in vivo. Mosquito bites were characterized by an edema that retained virus at the inoculation site and an inflammatory influx of neutrophils that coordi- nated a localized innate immune program that inad- vertently facilitated virus infection by encouraging the entry and infection of virus-permissive myeloid cells. Neutrophil depletion and therapeutic blockade of inflammasome activity suppressed inflammation and abrogated the ability of the bite to promote infec- tion. This study identifies facets of mosquito bite inflammation that are important determinants of the subsequent systemic course and clinical outcome of virus infection