The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure

Design and development of a catalyst microsystem for the detection of carbon monoxide in hydrogen fuels

The viability and fabrication of a catalytic micro-system for the detection of CO in H2 fuel is discussed in detail. Technology utilizing the measurement of temperature changes from the exothermic oxidation of CO as a transduction method is proposed. CuOx-CeO2 is shown as a suitable catalyst substrate for selective CO detection, showing 100% selectivity to CO oxidation (relative to H2 oxidation) down to 200 ppm CO at 333 K. The high selectivity of CuOx-CeO2 is shown to be a result of both competitive adsorption effects as well as the ability of the oxidized catalyst to inhibit H2 dissociation. Pt/CeO2 is studied as another potential catalyst substrate for CO detection due to its higher activity per gram, but is found to have substantial selectivity losses at low CO concentrations (∼20% selective at 333 K for 100 ppm CO). Selectivity loss in Pt/CeO2 catalysts is explained by a loss of CO coverage at low concentrations, and also the ability of Pt to dissociate H2 at a very fast rate. Device design and fabrication are discussed. The micro-system functions properly as a calorimeter, showing a very clear signal for the oxidation of H2 on a Pt/CeO2 catalyst. However, CO detection with CuOx-CeO2 proves to challenge the device sensitivity, and potential improvements on device sensitivity are discussed

csyhuang/hn2016_falwa: Bugfix release v1.2.0: inconsistency in differential area computation in reference state calculation

<p><strong>Important:</strong> This release fix a bug in computing the reference states #102 : the differential area to compute reference states, $a^2 \cos\phi \Delta\phi \Delta\lambda$ , was miscomputed as $a^2 \cos\phi (\Delta\phi)^2$ . This has not caused issues in results presented in our previous publications because we have been using ERA5 datasets with $\Delta\phi = \Delta\lambda$. Great thanks to Pragallva Barpanda for fixing the issue and also sharing her working example to preprocess model output for consumption of <code>QGField</code> downstream.</p> <p>Summary of changes:</p> <ol> <li>$\Delta\phi$ and $\Delta\lambda$ are precomputed in <code>QGField</code> object and passed into the F2PY modules as parameters</li> <li>Pragallva has included an example in <code>scripts/pre_process_data_in_hybrid_coordinates/</code> how to preprocess climate model output in hybrid coordinate for consumption of <code>QGField</code> downstream by (1) transforming the fields to pressure coordinates, and (2) do gridfill over underground" gridpoints using poisson solver (as how Clare did in MDTF project)</li> <li>Added <code>CONTRIBUTING.md</code> to include instructions for potential contributors.</li> </ol&gt

csyhuang/hn2016_falwa: v1.1.0 Fix bug in processing input with even number of grid points

<h1>Release: <code>falwa</code> v1.1.0</h1> <h2>Bug being fixed</h2> <p>This release fix the bug occuring in <code>QGField</code>/<code>QGDataset</code> when processing latitude grid with even number of grid points - the dimension of latitude grid is recorded inconsistently, leading the code to crash. With this fix, computed variables are returned with original dimension (or original dimension / 2 if <code>northern_hemisphere_results_only=False</code>).</p> <h2>Additional unit tests</h2> <p>There are two additional unit tests demostrating the fix:</p> <ul> <li><code>tests/test_output_results.py::test_offgrid_data_input</code></li> <li><code>tests/test_output_results.py::test_offgrid_data_input_xarrayinterface</code></li> </ul&gt

csyhuang/hn2016_falwa: Bugfix release v1.2.1 wrong values of u_baro in Southern Hemisphere

<p>This is fixing the issue reported in #108 that the barotropic component of zonal wind in southern hemisphere was wrongly computed using the data in the northern hemisphere. Other barotropic quantities computed were not affected.</p> <p>Thanks @chpolste for figuring out the fix.</p&gt

Pilot-Scale Continuous Production of LY2886721: Amide Formation and Reactive Crystallization

The design, development, and implementation of a pilot-scale continuous Schotten–Baumann amide bond formation and reactive crystallization to afford LY2886721 is described. The material met all API quality attributes and was comparable to material produced by a defined batch process. The scalability of the reaction and crystallization processes was confirmed during the development process. The pilot-scale equipment set was contained in a walk-in fume hood and operated at a production rate of 3 kg/day in a 72 h continuous run. Significant technical and business drivers for running the process in continuous flow mode were proposed and examined during development. The continuous process provided for lab hood commercialization and provided for minimal material at risk in the process. The demonstration also confirmed the risk inherent to operation of a tubular reactor under supersaturated conditions, and fouling occurred in the plug flow reactor. Fouling also occurred in the crystallizer. Recognizing these deficiencies, the process operated within the footprint of a standard walk-in fume hood, providing a successful demonstration of the opportunities afforded by continuous processing for low volume pharmaceuticals

An Automated Intermittent Flow Approach to Continuous Suzuki Coupling

A fully automated fill/empty reactor system for liquid–liquid biphasic Suzuki couplings is described. The system was capable of charging reactant and catalyst solutions to a heated vessel, heating reagent solutions by flow heat exchanger on the way into the reactor, allowing the reaction to occur, monitoring reaction completion, discharge of the product solution, and initiation of another cycle in a repeating fashion. A unique noncontact colorimetric method was used to monitor reaction completion. The reactor system exhibits many of the characteristics of a fully continuous reactor such as (1) high productivity from a small process footprint, (2) a large number of volume turnovers each day, (3) higher heat transfer area per unit volume compared to batch because the reactor is 50× smaller, and (4) rapid heat up and cool down of process streams enabled by heat exchangers. Downstream unit operations that are intended for eventual integrated end-to-end continuous production included a batch metal removal step and a continuous antisolvent crystallization to isolate the product in high yield and purity