Sustainable Chemistry: Reversible reaction of CO2 with amines

The reaction of primary and secondary amines with CO2 has been successfully leveraged to develop sustainable processes. In this article, we review specific examples that use the reversible reaction of CO2 with amines to synergistically enhance reaction and recovery of the products.  The three cases of interest highlighted herein are:  (i) reversible protection of amines, (ii) reversible ionic liquids for CO2 capture and chemical transformations, and (iii) reversible gels of ethylene diamine. These examples demonstrate that the reversible reaction of amines with CO2 is one of the tools in the sustainable technology’s toolbox.

Технологические решения для строительства разведочной вертикальной скважины глубиной 2520 метров на нефтегазовом месторождении (Красноярский край)

Объектом исследования является нефтегазовом месторождение Красноярского края. Цель работы - проектирование технологических процессов бурения и заканчивания скважины. В процессе работы был составлен технологический проект на строительство разведочной вертикальной скважины глубиной 2520 метров на нефтегазовом месторождении Красноярского края. В результате исследования были спроектированы технологические решения строительство скважины. Описаны конструктивные, технологические и технеко - экономические показатели.The object of study is the oil and gas condensate field of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The purpose of the work is the design of technological processes for drilling and well completion. In the process, a technological project was drawn up for the construction of an exploratory vertical well with a depth of 2520 meters at the oil and gas condensate field in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. As a result of the study, technological solutions for well construction were designed. The constructive, technological and techno-economic indicators are described

Green and effective continuous multi-step synthesis of ring-fused heteroaromatics

Issued as final reportHistorically, batch processing has been the major strategy in the synthesis of complex molecules, especially molecules of pharmaceutical interest. In general, this approach has been fraught with high cost, excessive time for scale-up, and waste issues. In order to address these issues, continuous flow technology has been identified as an alternative production vehicle since it has both environmental and economic advantages. Continuous flow technology offers superior mass and heat transfer, and lower production costs when compared with the traditional batch technology. Technological transfer from batch to continuous flow maximizes performance in terms of product yield and selectivity while minimizing solvent and catalyst needs thereby lowering production costs. In addition, continuous flow processes can be “scaled out” in contrast to batch processes that must be “scaled up.” In this research project, we take advantage of continuous flow technology to conduct the multi-step synthesis shown in Scheme 1.American Chemical Societ

Combining the Benefits of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis with Tunable Solvents and Nearcritical Water

The greatest advantage of heterogeneous catalysis is the ease of separation, while the disadvantages are often limited activity and selectivity.  We report solvents that use tunable phase behavior to achieve homogeneous catalysis with ease of separation.  Tunable solvents are homogeneous mixtures of water or polyethylene glycol with organics such as acetonitrile, dioxane, and THF that can be used for homogeneously catalyzed reactions. Modest pressures of a soluble gas, generally CO2, achieve facile post-reaction heterogeneous separation of products from the catalyst. Examples shown here are rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of 1-octene and p-methylstyrene and palladium catalyzed C-O coupling to produce o-tolyl-3,5-xylyl ether and 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol. Both were successfully carried out in homogeneous tunable solvents followed by separation efficiencies of up to 99% with CO2 pressures of 3 MPa. Further examples in tunable solvents are enzyme catalyzed reactions such as kinetic resolution of rac-1-phenylethyl acetate and hydrolysis of 2-phenylethyl acetate (2PEA) to 2-phenylethanol (2PE). Another tunable solvent is nearcritical water (NCW), whose unique properties offer advantages for developing sustainable alternatives to traditional processes. Some examples discussed are Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation, hydrolysis of benzoate esters, and water-catalyzed deprotection of N-Boc-protected amine compounds

Combining the Benefits of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis with Tunable Solvents and Nearcritical Water

The greatest advantage of heterogeneous catalysis is the ease of separation, while the disadvantages are often limited activity and selectivity. We report solvents that use tunable phase behavior to achieve homogeneous catalysis with ease of separation. Tunable solvents are homogeneous mixtures of water or polyethylene glycol with organics such as acetonitrile, dioxane, and THF that can be used for homogeneously catalyzed reactions. Modest pressures of a soluble gas, generally CO2, achieve facile post-reaction heterogeneous separation of products from the catalyst. Examples shown here are rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of 1-octene and p-methylstyrene and palladium catalyzed C-O coupling to produce o-tolyl-3,5-xylyl ether and 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol. Both were successfully carried out in homogeneous tunable solvents followed by separation efficiencies of up to 99% with CO2 pressures of 3 MPa. Further examples in tunable solvents are enzyme catalyzed reactions such as kinetic resolution of rac-1-phenylethyl acetate and hydrolysis of 2-phenylethyl acetate (2PEA) to 2-phenylethanol (2PE). Another tunable solvent is nearcritical water (NCW), whose unique properties offer advantages for developing sustainable alternatives to traditional processes. Some examples discussed are Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation, hydrolysis of benzoate esters, and water-catalyzed deprotection of N-Boc-protected amine compounds

American Pacific Corporation & Georgia Institute of Technology collaborative research

Issued as final reportItem removed from view at request of Office of Sponsored Programs.American Pacific Corporatio

One-component, switchable ionic liquids derived from siloxylated amines

A new class of one-component, thermally reversible, neutral to ionic liquid solvents derived from siloxylated amines is presented and characterized