318 research outputs found
Thermal switching of indirect interlayer exchange in magnetic multilayers
We propose a magnetic multilayer layout, in which the indirect exchange
coupling (IEC also known as RKKY) can be switched on and off by a slight change
in temperature. We demonstrate such on/off IEC switching in a Fe/Cr/FeCr-based
system and obtain thermal switching widths as small as 10--20~K, essentially in
any desired temperature range, including at or just above room temperature.
These results add a new dimension of tunable thermal control to IEC in magnetic
nanostructures, highly technological in terms of available materials and
operating physical regimes.Comment: 3 figures, Supplementary Inf
SME bonds in European countries as a new approach to financing
Nowadays a lot of new financial instruments for SMEs innovation projects are getting more popular in the business environment. A great number of them are traditional like credit loans at the same time we can observe the appearance of innovative ones. Variable set of financial instruments generalized on fig.1. This classification is giving by Organiztion of Economic Cooperation and Development ( OECD). As we can see from the fig.1 the classification is based on risk approach.
For further research it is needed to Ρlarify these definitions. Firstly, asset based finance is the method of assigning structured turnaround capital and term loans, disbursement of debit portfolio, stocks, machines, funds, and / or real estate. This type of finding is suitable for SMEs beginners, refinancing
existing loans, growth financing, mergers and acquisitions
Ferromagnetic resonance and interlayer exchange coupling in magnetic multilayers with compositional gradients
Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in magnetic multilayers of type F1/f/F2, where
two strongly ferromagnetic layers F1 and F2 are separated by a weakly magnetic
spacer f with a compositional gradient along its thickness, is investigated.
The method allows to detect the weak signal from the spacer in additional to
the more pronounced and readily measured signal from the outer
strongly-magnetic layers, and thereby study the properties of the spacer as
well as the interlayer exchange interaction it mediates. Variable temperature
FMR measurements, especially near the relevant Curie points, reveal a rich set
of properties of the exchange interactions in the system. The obtained results
are useful for designing and optimizing nanostructures with
thermally-controlled magnetic properties.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ-ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ: IV. ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π· ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π²ΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΡ, ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ° ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ, ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±βΡΠΊΡΡΠ², ΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±βΡΠΊΡΡΠ² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ. Π¦Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΡ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ² Ρ Π²ΡΠ·Π»Π°Ρ
ΡΠ° ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΡ, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡ
Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ² ΡΠ° ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΊ, ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±βΡΠΊΡΡΠ² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π΄Π°Ρ Π·ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρ, Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ, Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΠΈ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ, ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π³ΡΠΎΠ·Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΡ, Π° ΡΡ
Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±βΡΠΊΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ² ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΡΡ. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±βΡΠΊΡΡΠ² Π·Π°Π»ΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ.Methods of the comprehensive deterministic evaluation of the complex systems with the hierarchical-network structure, components of which are methods of local, forecasting, aggregative, and interactive analysis of the state, the quality of functioning and interaction of objects that form such a system are proposed. The method is described for an interactive evaluation of the basic systemβs objects interaction which is the effective means of continuous monitoring of the quality of their functioning. This method allows to track the dynamics of the change in the quality of processing of the flows at the nodes and their passing through the edges of the network, to analyze the schedule optimality of flows and its sensitivity to small delays, to evaluate the workload of the main system objects. Forecasting the behavior of interactive evaluations makes it possible, without waiting for the next scheduled study, to determine the elements that threaten the normal functioning of the network, and their aggregation allows to determine systemβs objects that do not function satisfactorily at the different levels of the hierarchy. Effectiveness of the method is illustrated by the analysis of the interaction of the objects of railway transport system of Ukraine.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ-ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ·Π»Π°Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠΌ Π·Π°Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠ·Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ, Π° ΠΈΡ
Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ
Bioenergetic and ethological features of the first-calf heifers of different genotypes
The aim of this work was to study bioenergetic and ethological indicators in crossbred first-calf heifers compared to purebred first-calf heifers. The research was conducted on the first-calf heifers of Ukrainian Black-Pied dairy breed and first-generation crossbreeds obtained as a result of crossing with Brown Swiss breed, as well as, on the first-calf heifers of Ukrainian Red-Pied dairy breed and first-generation crossbreeds obtained as a result of crossing Ukrainian Red-Pied dairy with MontbΓ©liarde breed. The purebred Black-and Red-Pied first-calf heifers prevailed over crossbreed first-calf heifers on the indicator of milk yield for 305 days of lactation by 106.45 and 218.36 kg, respectively. Accordingly, the indicators of average daily milk yield were also higher by 0.35 and 0.72 kg and the indicators of average daily milk yield adjusted by 4 % fat content per 0.15 and 0.16 kg. At the same time, the indicator of average fat content in milk prevailed in crossbreeds of Black-Pied and Brown Swiss breed by 0.08 % compared to purebred Black-Pied breeds, and in Red-Pied crossbreeds with MontbΓ©liarde breed by 0.16 % compared to purebred Red-Pied breeds. The purebred Black-Pied first-calf heifers had an advantage by 2.04 MJ compared to crossbreeds, while the Red-Pied first-calf heifers had a slight advantage by 0.06 MJ compared to crossbreed first-calf heifers on the indicator of daily cost of exchange energy (EE). The purebred Black-and Red-Pied first-calf heifers had higher cost of exchange energy allocated with milk compared to crossbreed first-calf heifers by 0.42 and 0.82 MJ. They also had higher cost of exchange energy rates for heat products by 0.79 and 0.25 MJ. According to the energy index indicator, purebred Black - and Red-Pied first-calf heifers prevailed over crossbreeds first-calf heifers by 0.16 and 0.07 %, respectively. The same trend was observed in relation to the productive index indicator. The purebred Black-and Red-Pied first-calf heifers had a slight advantage by 0.001 and 0.002 kg adjusted by 4 % of milk fat content per 1 MJ. According to the indicators of daily behavioral reactions, no special differences between a purebred and crossbreed were found
Cohomology Groups of Deformations of Line Bundles on Complex Tori
The cohomology groups of line bundles over complex tori (or abelian
varieties) are classically studied invariants of these spaces. In this article,
we compute the cohomology groups of line bundles over various holomorphic,
non-commutative deformations of complex tori. Our analysis interpolates between
two extreme cases. The first case is a calculation of the space of
(cohomological) theta functions for line bundles over constant, commutative
deformations. The second case is a calculation of the cohomologies of
non-commutative deformations of degree-zero line bundles.Comment: 24 pages, exposition improved, typos fixe
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