The Impact of Digitalization on International Investment Law: Are Investment Treaties Analogue or Digital?

This article explores digitalization’s impacts on the existing international investment law regime. In particular, it examines whether international investment agreements (IIAs) apply to the digital economy, analyzing their scope of application, including the definition of protected investment and protected investor, as well as the territorial application of those treaties. We conclude that the IIAs and their provisions are, in principle, not intended for the digital era. However, their usually broad definitions are likely to cover investments in digital assets, if there is a flexible interpretation of the required territorial nexus. However, we believe caution should be exercised about including digital transformation commitments in IIAs, as they could increase the chance of investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS)

Sustainable Development in Chilean International Investment Agreements

his article describes the sustainable development provisions (SDPs) that are generally found in international investment agreements (IIAs), as well as those that explicitly refer to environmental and labour standards. In turn, it examines Chilean IIAs and their sustainable development provisions in bilateral investment promotion and protection agreements (BITs) and as part of preferential trade agreements (PTAs), and compares them with the inclusion of these provisions in IIAs worldwide. Considering that Chile is one of the leading countries in the negotiation of trade agreements and that, at the same time, it has made a strong public commitment to promote sustainable development, we propose some recommendations for future negotiations or renegotiations of Chilean IIAs to include more sustainable development provisions

Blogs, webinars and significant learning: A case report on a teacher training program for college teachers

This case study reports on a teacher training experience for college professors in which participants were trained, taking advantage of technological tools, in two main teaching competences. First, professors were trained to use technology to enrich students’ learning outcomes. Second, they applied strategies of significant learning in the design of students’ learning experiences. The learning experience consisted in an International Certificate on Significant Learning integrated by six modules, 20 hours each. Every module of the program consisted of two consecutive webinars with online activities in between. The results showed the positive impact of the program on participants’ perceptions about the quality of the contents, evidence of learning and products (E-portfolios) that served as content mastery evidences, as well as learning products produced by their students.DOI: 10.18870/hlrc.v3i1.7

Sustainable Development in Swiss International Investment Agreements

This article outlines the sustainable development provisions (SDPs) found in international investment agreements (IIAs) in general, as well as explicitly concerning environment and labour provisions. In turn, we examine in detail Swiss IIAs and their sustainable development provisions, both as a single country, as well as part of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), and compare them with the inclusion of these provisions in IIAs at a worldwide level. Considering that Switzerland is one of the leading countries in the negotiation and conclusion of IIAs, and simultaneously, it has made a strong public commitment to promote sustainable development, in the conclusion, we propose some recommendations for future negotiations or renegotiations of Swiss IIAs in order to include more sustainable developments provisions

Lessons Learned and Lessons to Be Learned: Investment Law & Development for Developed Countries

Law & Development is a movement originally based on the idea that Law is a process by which rules governing social life are consciously formulated and consistently applied, in a way that society is effectively governed by universal and purposive rules.[1] The State is seen has the primary agent of change and social control, which will use law as an instrument with the purpose to transform society and yet will itself be constrained by that law.[2] [1] David M. Trubek, Toward a Social Theory of Law, 82 Yale Law Journal 1, 9 (1972). [2] David M. Trubek and Mark Galanter, Scholars in Self-Estrangement: Some Reflections on the Crisis in Law and Development Studies in the United States, Wisconsin Law Review 1062, 1079 (1974)

Behaviorism reception in Argentina and Brazil: A study of two universities, 1960-1970

Describimos y analizamos la recepción del conductismo en Argentina y Brasil, a través de dos ejemplos: la Universidad Nacional de San Luis y la Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. En Argentina, desde 1960 el conductismo fue ampliamente criticado. Excepcionalmente en San Luis en la década de 1970 hubo un grupo de estudiantes y psicólogos jóvenes que fue receptivo a este modelo por razones ideológicas, profesionales y científica. En Brasil, durante esas décadas, la creación de carreras de grado de psicología comenzó a extenderse. El conductismo circuló a través del laboratorio didáctico del análisis del comportamiento. La recepción del conductismo en estos países nos ayuda a entender la circulación del conocimiento psicológico en diferentes lugares. También nos muestra cómo cada uno de estos sitios ha incorporado el conductismo en su propio contexto.e are describing and analyzing the reception of behaviorism in Argen- tina and Brazil in the 1960s and 1970s. We look deeply at two examples: the Universidad Nacional de San Luis and the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. In Argentina, the first psychological courses took place during the late 1950s and early 1960s when behaviorism was widely criticized. In the 1970s, exceptionally in San Luis, there was a group of students and young psychologists that were receptive to its model for ideological, professional and scientific reasons. In Brazil, during those decades, the creation of psychology undergraduate courses started to spread. Behaviorism has circulated through the didactic laboratory of beha- vior analysis in those psychology courses. The reception of behaviorism in these countries helps us to understand the circulation of psychological knowledge in different places. It also shows us how each one of these places incorporated behaviorism uniquely into its own context.Fil: Polanco, Fernando Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Departamento de Psicologia. Laboratorio de Investigación en Ciencias del Comportamiento; ArgentinaFil: Lopes Miranda, Rodrigo . Universidade Federal do Minas Gerais; Brasi