10,101 research outputs found
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A piezoelectric micropump based on micromachining of silicon
The design and realization of two pumps based on micromachining of silicon are described. The pumps, which are of the reciprocating displacement type, comprise one or two pump chambers, a thin glass pump membrane actuated by a piezoelectric disc and passive silicon check valves to direct the flow. Chambers, channels and valves are realized in a silicon wafer by wet chemical etching. The results of mechanical calculations and simulations show good agreement with the actual behaviour of the pumps. It is possible to design pumps having a specific yield and pressure dependence, and which are fail-safe (the flow is blocked while the pump is switched off)
Softness dependence of the Anomalies for the Continuous Shouldered Well potential
By molecular dynamic simulations we study a system of particles interacting
through a continuous isotropic pairwise core-softened potential consisting of a
repulsive shoulder and an attractive well. The model displays a phase diagram
with three fluid phases, a gas-liquid critical point, a liquid-liquid critical
point, and anomalies in density, diffusion and structure. The hierarchy of the
anomalies is the same as for water. We study the effect on the anomalies of
varying the softness of the potential. We find that, making the soft-core
steeper, the regions of density and diffusion anomalies contract in the T -
{\rho} plane, while the region of structural anomaly is weakly affected.
Therefore, a liquid can have anomalous structural behavior without density or
diffusion anomalies. We show that, by considering as effective distances those
corresponding to the maxima of the first two peaks of the radial distribution
function g(r) in the high-density liquid, we can generalize to continuous
two-scales potentials a criterion for the occurrence of the anomalies of
density and diffusion, originally proposed for discontinuous potentials. We
observe that the knowledge of the structural behavior within the first two
coordination shells of the liquid is not enough to establish the occurrence of
the anomalies. By introducing the density derivative of the the cumulative
order integral of the excess entropy we show that the anomalous behavior is
regulated by the structural order at distances as large as the fourth
coordination shell. By comparing the results for different softness of the
potential, we conclude that the disappearing of the density and diffusion
anomalies for the steeper potentials is due to a more structured short-range
order. All these results increase our understanding on how, knowing the
interaction potential, we can evaluate the possible presence of anomalies for a
liquid
Energy loss of a heavy quark produced in a finite-size quark-gluon plasma
We study the energy loss of an energetic heavy quark produced in a high
temperature quark-gluon plasma and travelling a finite distance before emerging
in the vacuum. While the retardation time of purely collisional energy loss is
found to be of the order of the Debye screening length, we find that the
contributions from transition radiation and the Ter-Mikayelian effect do not
compensate, leading to a reduction of the zeroth order (in an opacity
expansion) energy loss.Comment: QM2006 Proceedings; caption of fig 1 and ref [7] modified in v
Biaxial nematic phases in fluids of hard board-like particles
We use density-functional theory, of the fundamental-measure type, to study
the relative stability of the biaxial nematic phase, with respect to
non-uniform phases such as smectic and columnar, in fluids made of hard
board-like particles with sizes . A
restricted-orientation (Zwanzig) approximation is adopted. Varying the ratio
while keeping , we
predict phase diagrams for various values of which include all the
uniform phases: isotropic, uniaxial rod- and plate-like nematics, and biaxial
nematic. In addition, spinodal instabilities of the uniform phases with respect
to fluctuations of the smectic, columnar and plastic-solid type, are obtained.
In agreement with recent experiments, we find that the biaxial nematic phase
begins to be stable for . Also, as predicted by previous
theories and simulations on biaxial hard particles, we obtain a region of
biaxility centred on which widens as
increases. For \kappa_2\agt 5 the region of the
packing-fraction vs. phase diagrams exhibits interesting topologies
which change qualitatively with . We have found that an increasing
biaxial shape anisotropy favours the formation of the biaxial nematic phase.
Our study is the first to apply FMT theory to biaxial particles and, therefore,
it goes beyond the second-order virial approximation. Our prediction that the
phase diagram must be asymmetric is a genuine result of the present approach,
which is not accounted for by previous studies based on second-order theories.Comment: Preprint format. 18 pages, 5 figure
Charmonia enhancement in quark-gluon plasma with improved description of c-quarks phase-distribution
We present a dynamical model of heavy quark evolution in the quark-gluon
plasma (QGP) based on the Fokker-Planck equation. We then apply this model to
the case of central ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions performed at
RHIC and estimate the component of production (integrated and
differential) stemming from c- pairs that are initially uncorrelated.Comment: contribution presented at SQM0
Energy Loss of a Heavy Quark Produced in a Finite Size Medium
We study the medium-induced energy loss suffered by a
heavy quark produced at initial time in a quark-gluon plasma, and escaping the
plasma after travelling the distance . The heavy quark is treated
classically, and within the same framework consistently
includes: the loss from standard collisional processes, initial bremsstrahlung
due to the sudden acceleration of the quark, and transition radiation. The
radiative loss {\it induced by rescatterings} is not
included in our study. For a ultrarelativistic heavy quark with momentum p
\gsim 10 {\rm GeV}, and for a finite plasma with L_p \lsim 5 {\rm fm}, the
loss is strongly suppressed compared to the stationary
collisional contribution . Our results
support that is the dominant contribution to the heavy quark
energy loss (at least for L_p \lsim 5 {\rm fm}), as indeed assumed in most of
jet-quenching analyses. However they might raise some question concerning the
RHIC data on large electron spectra.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures. New version clarified and simplified. A critical
discussion added in section 2, and previous sections 3 and 4 have been merged
together. Main results are unchange
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