Methodological significance of dialectics in medicine

The article deals with the question of the methodological significance of the laws of dialectics in medicine.В статье рассмотрен вопрос методологического значения законов диалектики в медицин

The potential of the four-channell volumetric sphygmography in assessing the stiffness of the vascular wall in adolescents with arterial hypertension

The prevalence of hypertension among children ranges from 2 to 18%. Most of the risk factors that lead to the development of cardiovascular disease are realized through the influence on the vascular wall. The paper analyzes the results of measuring vascular stiffness using volumetric sphygmography among adolescents with arterial hypertension. However, there were no significant differences in arterial vascular stiffness among the examined groups. This may be due to the insufficient number of children in the study groups.В настоящее время происходит «омоложение» сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Так распространенность АГ среди детей колеблется от 2 до 18%. Большинство факторов риска, приводящих к развитию сердечно- сосудистой патологии, реализуются через влияние на сосудистую стенку. Вработе проведен анализ результатов измерения сосудистой жесткости с помощью объемной сфигмографии среди подростков с артериальной гипертензией. Среди обследованных групп не установлено достоверных различий с нормативными значениями показателей артериальной жесткости сосудов. Данное обстоятельство может быть связано с недостаточным количеством детей в исследованных группах

Efficiency of psycho-emotional stroop-test in the diagnostics of arterial hypertension for children and teenagers

We used Stroop-test as a psychoemotional load of children in hospital. Before, during and after testing we estimated arterial pressure and pulse, also we estimated ECG and 24-hour blood pressure monitorin. Wer previously analysed the medical histories of patients (medical history, complaints, and related pathology). The Stroop-test showed a high efficiency of 63%. It allows to reveal among patients a group of persons with early functional haemodynamic infringements that allows to consider them as group of the raised risk of development of an arterial hypertensia and demands their further supervision and inspection.Исследование психоэмоционального состояния больных проводили с помощью Струп-теста. Тестирование проводили в условиях стационара. До, во время и после тестирования измеряли АД и ЧСС у детей, дополнительно проводилось снятие электрокардиограммы, а также суточное мониторирование артериального давления. Предварительно были проанализированы истории болезни больных (анамнез, жалобы, сопутствующая патология). Проба показала высокую эффективность 63%, что говорит о возможности ее применения в качестве дополнительного метода к уже известным пробам, но для более точной ее оценки необходимы дополнительные исследования с привлечением группы контроля и стандартизация пробы

An experimental assay of the interactions of amino acids from orthologous sequences shaping a complex fitness landscape

Characterizing the fitness landscape, a representation of fitness for a large set of genotypes, is key to understanding how genetic information is interpreted to create functional organisms. Here we determined the evolutionarily-relevant segment of the fitness landscape of His3, a gene coding for an enzyme in the histidine synthesis pathway, focusing on combinations of amino acid states found at orthologous sites of extant species. Just 15% of amino acids found in yeast His3 orthologues were always neutral while the impact on fitness of the remaining 85% depended on the genetic background. Furthermore, at 67% of sites, amino acid replacements were under sign epistasis, having both strongly positive and negative effect in different genetic backgrounds. 46% of sites were under reciprocal sign epistasis. The fitness impact of amino acid replacements was influenced by only a few genetic backgrounds but involved interaction of multiple sites, shaping a rugged fitness landscape in which many of the shortest paths between highly fit genotypes are inaccessible.The work was supported by HHMI International Early Career Scientist Program (55007424), the MINECO (BFU2012-31329, BFU2012-37168, BFU2015-68351-P and BFU2015-68723-P), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013-2017 grant (SEV-2012-0208), the Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu funded by the MINECO (MDM-2014-0370), Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat AGAUR program (2014 SGR 0974), the CERCA Programme of the Generalitat de Catalunya, Russian Foundation for Basic Research grant (18-04-01173), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie programme (665385) and the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013, ERC grant agreement 335980_EinME and Synergy Grant 609989). KSS was supported by EMBO long-term fellowship (ALTF 107-2016). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Why does the microbiome affect behaviour?

Growing evidence indicates that the mammalian microbiome can affect behaviour, and several symbionts even produce neurotransmitters. One common explanation for these observations is that symbionts have evolved to manipulate host behaviour for their benefit. Here, we evaluate the manipulation hypothesis by applying evolutionary theory to recent work on the gut-brain axis. Although the theory predicts manipulation by symbionts under certain conditions, these appear rarely satisfied by the genetically diverse communities of the mammalian microbiome. Specifically, any symbiont investing its resources to manipulate host behaviour is expected to be outcompeted within the microbiome by strains that do not manipulate and redirect their resources into growth and survival. Moreover, current data provide no clear evidence for manipulation. Instead, we show how behavioural effects can readily arise as a by-product of natural selection on microorganisms to grow within the host and natural selection on hosts to depend upon their symbionts. We argue that understanding why the microbiome influences behaviour requires a focus on microbial ecology and local effects within the host