The chronology of adipose tissue appearance and distribution in the human fetus

Timing of first appearance and subsequent distribution of adipose tissue were assessed in 488 normal-for-age human fetuses. The sample represented each of the three trimesters of normal pregnancies. Light microscopy showed that adipose tissue first appears and progressively develops from the 14th to 24th week of gestation (100-216 mm crown-rump length) in those areas where it characteristically accumulates after birth. No significant sex differences were found in patterns of early fat deposition. It is suggested that the second trimester of gestation is the critical or key period in fat adipogenesis.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/24701/1/0000120.pd

A multifactorial approach including tumoural epidermal growth factor receptor, p53, thymidylate synthase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase to predict treatment outcome in head and neck cancer patients receiving 5-fluorouracil

The prognostic value of tumoural epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), p53, thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) was analysed on 82 advanced head and neck cancer patients (71 men, 11 women; mean age 59). Induction treatment was cisplatin–5-FU ± folinic acid (61 patients, Chem group) or concomitant cisplatin–5-FU–radiotherapy (21 patients, RChem group). EGFR (binding assay), p53 protein (Sangtec immunoluminometric assay), TS and DPD activities (radioenzymatic assays) were measured on biopsies obtained at time of diagnosis. Significant positive correlation was demonstrated between p53 and EGFR. In the RChem group, p53 was higher in non-complete responders (median 1.03 ng mg−1) than in complete responders (median 0.08 ng mg−1) (P = 0.057). Univariate Cox analyses stratified on treatment group showed that specific survival (33 events) was significantly related to T staging, p53 taken as continuous or categorial (below vs over 0.80 ng mg−1) variable, and EGFR (below vs over 220 fmol mg−1); survival increased when EGFR and p53 were below thresholds. Multivariate stepwise analysis including T staging, EGFR and p53 revealed that T staging and EGFR were independent predictors of survival; relative risks were 3.68 for T staging and 2.65 for EGFR. Overall, EGFR remained an independent prognostic factor when response to treatment and T staging were considered in the multivariate analysis. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaig

Tissu adipeux et obésité humaine

Poissonnet Claude M. Tissu adipeux et obésité humaine. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, XIV° Série. Tome 4 fascicule 4, 1987. pp. 291-292

Estimation de la capacité crânienne à partir d'un os de la voûte

DETERMINATION OF CRANIAL CAPACITY WITH EACH BONE OF THE VAULT Summary. — Proceeding with previous researches, we are proposing formulas intended to make an estimation of cranial capacity according to the dimensions of one of the three bones of the cranial vault. These estimations are, of course, much less adequate than with the whole skull. But they are interesting for very old fossils, provided that the corrections indicated in the text are used, and that the taxonomic position of the fossil is known.Résumé. — Poursuivant des recherches précédentes, nous proposons des formules destinées à estimer la capacité crânienne d'après les dimensions d'un des trois os de la voûte du crâne. Ces estimations sont évidemment bien moins bonnes qu'avec le crâne entier. Mais elles ont de l'intérêt pour les fossiles très anciens, sous réserve d'employer les correctifs indiqués dans le texte et de connaître à l'avance la position taxonomique du fossile.Poissonnet Claude M., Olivier Georges, Tissier Henri. Estimation de la capacité crânienne à partir d'un os de la voûte. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, XIII° Série. Tome 5 fascicule 3, 1978. pp. 217-221

Variations nutritionnelles de la capacité lipogénique des tissus adipeux abdominaux chez l'agneau

International audienc

Thermodynamic Assessment of the Fe-Te System. Part I: Experimental study

International audienceA thermodynamic description of the Fe-Te system needs to be developed in order to model internal corrosion by fission products in fuel pins of Generation IV nuclear reactors. In preparation for a thermodynamic assessment of the system, an experimental study has been performed in order to clarify some unknown or conflicting phase diagram data. New phase diagram data have been obtained using Differential Thermal Analysis and isothermal heat treatments followed by electron microscopy with EDS and WDS analysis. The DTA analysis revealed new phase boundary data, and confirmed a very steep Fe-rich liquidus, supporting the possibility of a liquid miscibility gap in the Fe-FeTe region. The analyses also confirmed the probable eutectoid reaction $\delta \rightarrow \beta + \delta$' at 523 DC. The invariant arrests of the unknown $\gamma$ phase were consistent with information available in literature, but the phase was not identified via XRD of samples at its postulated composition. However, metallography of the samples revealed an unexpected microstructure pertaining to the $\delta$ phase, which might be the $\gamma$ phase, and is discussed in this paper. The monoclinic space group C2/$m$ is proposed for the $\delta$ phase based on XRD. The collected data will be used together with that available in literature to perform a thermodynamic Calphad assessment in a subsequent paper $Part\ II\ Thermodynamic\ modelling$

Nanoscale characterization and formation mechanism of nanoclusters in an ODS steel elaborated by reactive-inspired ball-milling and annealing

International audienceReactive-inspired ball-milling is proposed as a new production route for oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels. So a Fe–14Cr–2W–1Ti–0.8Y–0.2O (wt.%) ODS steel is elaborated by ball-milling of FeCrWTi and YFe3 plus Fe2O3 powders instead of Y2O3 and then by annealing at 800 °C for 5 min. Characterizations by Electron Probe MicroAnalysis and Atom Probe Tomography (APT) are performed after milling and after annealing. For the very first time, nanoclusters are observed after ball-milling by APT. Those nanoclusters are enriched in titanium, yttrium and oxygen and their mean radius is 0.8 nm. With annealing, the mean radius rises up to 1.4 nm and the number density as well as the enrichment factor in O, Ti and Y increase. So a new formation mechanism of nanoclusters is observed in those conditions of synthesis: ball-milling initiates the nanoclusters nucleation and during annealing, nucleation continues, accompanied by a slight growth of nanoclusters. Thus reactive-inspired ball-milling appears as a promising route for synthesizing ODS steels with a fine and dense dispersion of oxides