Comment on “Bilaterian Burrows and Grazing Behavior at >585 Million Years Ago”

Pecoits et al. (Reports, 29 June 2012, p. 1693) describe bilaterian trace fossils and assign them an Ediacaran age based on the age of a granite interpreted as intrusive. We argue that the granite is not intrusive but in fact represents the basement of the sedimentary succession. Moreover, we show that identical trace fossils occur in nearby Carboniferous-Permian glacigenic rocks.Fil: Gaucher, Claudio. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Poire, Daniel Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Bossi, Jorge. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Bettucci Sanchez, Leda. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Beri, Angeles. Universidad de la República; Urugua

Depositional processes and stratigraphic evolution of the Campanian deltaic system of La Anita Formation, Austral-Magallanes Basin, Patagonia, Argentina

Coastal depositional systems are commonly classified in terms of the relative interaction of wave, tide and fluvial processes. The La Anita Formation represents the opportunity to study and better understand coastal sedimentary systems. It is a poorly studied prograding siliciclastic deltaic-coastal wedge accumulated in the Campanian during the foreland stage of the Austral-Magallanes Basin. A detailed depositional process-based facies analysis have allowed the definition of 13 sedimentary facies and 9 facies associations for the La Anita Formation, ranging from prodelta to interdistributary delta-channel deposits. According to the spatial distribution of these facies associations, the La Anita Formation was divided into two informal units bounded by a regional erosion surface. The lower unit shows abundant hummocky cross-bedded and bioturbated sandstones, coarseningupward trends and mainly aggradational to progradational vertical stacking pattern, and it was interpreted as a wave-dominated fluvial-influenced delta. The upper unit is characterized by unidirectional dune cross-bedding, coarseningupward trend and a progradational vertical stacking pattern, and was interpreted as a fluvio-dominated delta with no evidence of tide or wave influence. These two units represent two genetically unrelated depositional sequences bounded by a regional erosion surface, which is interpreted as a sequence boundary triggered by a relative sea-level fall. The lower unit is part of a progradational highstand systems tract which involves the underlying deep-marine Alta Vista Formation. The upper unit deposits reflect a complete relative sea-level cycle which includes an undifferentiated lowstand and transgressive systems tracts and, toward the top, highstand systems tract.Fil: Moyano Paz, Damián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Tettamanti, Camila. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Varela, Augusto Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Cereceda, Abril. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Poire, Daniel Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; Argentin

Sedimentología, quimioestratigrafía y geobiología de la cobertura sedimentaria neoproterozoica del sistema de Tandilia, Argentina

La cubierta sedimentaria neoproterozoica del Cratón del Río de La Plata en el Sistema de Tandilia en el área de Olavarría, foco de estudio de esta propuesta, está conformada por los Grupos Sierras Bayas y La Providencia, los cuales registran numerosas variaciones de tipo litológicas, geoquímicas y geobiológicas que podrían estar asociados a cambios climáticos o paleoambientales.Fil: Gómez Peral, Lucia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Arrouy, Maria Julia. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras "Dr. Eduardo Jorge Usunoff". - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras "Dr. Eduardo Jorge Usunoff". - Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras "Dr. Eduardo Jorge Usunoff"; ArgentinaFil: Poire, Daniel Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; Argentin

Evolución paleoambiental de la formación Río Mayer, Cretácico inferior, Cuenca Austral, provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina

La Formación Río Mayer es parte del relleno inicial de la Cuenca Austral, la cual se ubica en el sector más austral de la Patagonia. El área de estudio se encuentra entre los lagos San Martín y Argentino (Provincia de Santa Cruz), donde se relevaron diez perfiles sedimentológicos de detalle en los que se describieron 18 facies sedimentarias. Estas facies responden a diferentes procesos sedimentarios, principalmente autigénicos, hemipelágicos y episódicos. A partir de la distribución de las facies y del origen del material fósil se reconocieron tres paleoambientes sedimentarios: marino de plataforma externa, marino de plataforma externa con influencia deltaica y prodelta. El análisis de la distribución espacial y temporal de las facies condujo a la elaboración de un esquema de evolución paleoambiental para el Cretácico Inferior de la Cuenca Austral en la zona estudiada. La depositación de la Formación Río Mayer, por encima de la Formación Springhill, en el área de la Seccional Río Guanaco, comenzó durante el Berriasiano. En el Valanginiano la transgresión generó los depósitos incluidos en la Formación Springhill en la región de Lago San Martín, mientras que en el intervalo Hauteriviano-Barremiano toda el área de estudio presentaba características de plataforma externa distal. Durante el lapso temporal Aptiano-Albiano, se produjo la instalación de un sistema deltaico (Formación Piedra Clavada / Kachaike) en el norte del área de estudio entre los lagos San Martín y Viedma. Para este intervalo temporal la Formación Río Mayer en las regiones de Lago San Martín y Estancia La Vega, representa un ambiente de prodelta. Paralelamente, en la región sur del área de estudio se produjo la sedimentación de los niveles incluidos en un ambiente de plataforma externa influenciada por flujos turbidíticos distales de frente deltaico. Finalmente durante el Albiano superior-Cenomaniano inferior se desarrolló una transgresión marina, que marca el comienzo de la etapa de antepaís de la Cuenca Austral. En la región de los lagos San Martín y Viedma, la transgresión está evidenciada por los depósitos litorales de la Formación Mata Amarilla, mientras que en la región de Río Guanaco es representada por los depósitos de la Formación Cerro Toro.The marine deposits of the Río Mayer Formation are part of the initial filling of the Austral Basin, which is developed in the southernmost part of South America, including the south of Chile and Argentina (southwestern Patagonia, Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego Provinces, Figs. 1, 2). The study area is located between the San Martín and Argentino lakes in the Santa Cruz Province (Fig. 3). The Río Mayer Formation (Fig. 2) was studied in three main localities, where detailed sedimentary logging was undertaken (Figs. 4, 5), taking into account the lithology, the primary sedimentary structures, the palaeontological content, rock bodies geometry, their orientation and the hierarchy as well as the contacts with underlying and overlying units. Eighteen sedimentary facies were defined (Figs. 6, 7; Table 1), which were grouped into three facies association representing different sedimentary palaeoenvironments, like marine outer platform (AF 1), marine outer platform influenced by a deltaic system (AF 2) and prodelta (AF 3) (Fig. 8, Tables 1, 2). The facies of the outer platform palaeoenvironment corresponds to the rocks traditionally assigned to the Río Mayer Formation, according to the available bibliography, and deposited by hemipelagic and authigenic processes interrupted by episodic sedimentation. The deposits of the outer platform influenced by a deltaic system palaeoenvironment are similar to the above mentioned but presents continental fossils that indicate a deltaic source. Finally, AF 3 of a prodelta palaeoenvironment is dominated by sandy/heterolithics levels associated with turbidity currents and hyperpycnal flows originated in a delta front. The best and most complete exposures of the unit were observed in the Río Guanaco locality, where palaeoenvironmental interpretations were performed, allowing the division of the 350 m-thick unit in three sections (Fig. 9). The lower section is composed mainly by black shales with both tabular and concretional marls levels (AF 1). Trace fossils are not recorded in this section, but ammonites, belemnites and bivalves are frequent. It has been interpreted as accumulated in a distal platform, under anoxic conditions. The middle section is characterized by bioturbated black marls and shales, with wellpreserved Zoophycos ichnofacies (Richiano et al., in press), occurring in a distal platform depositional environment. Body fossils are frequent, especially belemnites. The upper section is composed of massive black mudstones with intercalations of very fine- to fine-grained sandstones and less frequent conglomerates. In this section both debris flows and distal low-density turbidity current deposits were identified. Zoophycos ichnofacies and Ophiomorpha rudis ichnosubfacies were recognized in association with molds of petrified wood containing Teredolites isp. (Richiano et al., in press). The presence of turbulent currents and large trace fossils suggest a more oxygenated conditions. At Lago San Martín and Estancia La Vega localities the most significant characteristic is the presence of prodeltaic deposits in the transition between Río Mayer Formation and Piedra Clavada formations (Fig. 9). To sum up, after the Upper Jurassic rifting stage of the Austral Basin, the Springhill Formation represents the initial infill of the extensional structures. After that, during the Berriasian (Fig. 10a), the levels of the lower section of the Río Mayer Formation started to accumulate in the Río Guanaco area. During the Valanginian (Fig. 10b), an acceleration in the transgression generated the accumulation of the Springhill Formation in the Lago San Martín area while in the Río Guanaco region the middle section of the Río Mayer Formation developed. Between the Hauterivian and the Barremian all the study area was under distal platform conditions (Fig. 10c). A major change in the sedimentary systems of the Austral Basin during the Lower Cretaceous is the development of the deltaic Piedra Clavada Formation (Fig. 10d). This event generated two different palaeoenvironments in the Río Mayer Formation. Prodeltaic deposits are present to the north, while sediments of distal platform conditions with highly frequent sandy levels prevail southwards. Finally a new transgression indicates the beginning of the Cerro Toro and Mata Amarilla formations in the middle Albian- lower Cenomanian (Fig. 10e).Fil: Richiano, Sebastián Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; ArgentinaFil: Varela, Augusto Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; ArgentinaFil: Cereceda, Abril. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; ArgentinaFil: Poire, Daniel Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Argentin

A fossorial petalurid trace fossil from the Albian of Patagonia

Maichnus wetkaroae igen. isp. nov., from the Albian of Patagonia, is composed of two or three ellipsoidal oblate chambers connected to shafts that show swellings and concentrically laminated linings. Such laminated linings are also present in chambers, and probably originated by radial backfilling and/or the successive discharges of liquid organic excretions. This unique morphology occurs in paleosols showing evidence of waterlogging. Trace fossil morphology and the occurrence of traces in clusters in waterlogged soils indicate that M. wetkaroae igen. isp. nov. represents larval burrows of fossorial petalurids. This is the first record of Odonatan trace fossils from paleosols and also the oldest one. M. wetkaroae igen. isp. nov. is one of the oldest insect trace fossils recorded from paleosols. It represents the first and unique paleontological evidence of the ancient origin of the burrowing behavior of petalurids postulated only theoretically until now in evolutionary scenarios of Odonata.Fil: Genise, Jorge Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Sánchez, María Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Poire, Daniel Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Mirta Gladys. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentin

Fossil bubble structure related to microbial activity coeval with the middle Ediacaran Oceanic Oxygenation Event in the Tandilia System

The well-preserved limestone succession, Loma Negra Formation (~40 m), in the Tandilia System was deposited in a shallow carbonate ramp under low energy conditions. The evolution in the depositional settings of the unit was indicated as deepening upwards varying from shallow-middle to outer ramp environment. The limestone fabric is assumed as the product of biologically controlled precipitation of micrite, where the terrigenous supply was limited. From detailed meso- and microscopic descriptions it is possible to recognize microbially induced sedimentary structures ?MISS? represented by typical microtextures related to microbial activity that appear represented throughout the entire formation. In addition, micro-stromatolites are observed in the unit associated with the microbial mats showing micro-columnar conical to domical morphologies.In the basal and middle Loma Negra Formation, hemispherical structures are recognized in the bed-tops and interpreted as bubbles-like and gas escape features associated with the microbial mat interaction. Their morphology is compared with oxygen bubbles produced by modern experimental modelling with photosynthetic cyanobacteria microbial mats. Moreover, hemispherical structures are associated with increasing gas pressure lifting grains and the organic components to the surface.This paper provides evidence to understand the possible causal relationship between microbial activity and seawater oxygenation. The high oxygen production revealed by geochemistry proxies and here proposed as probably associated with photosynthetic microbial activity might be a plausible explanation for the record of the documented Middle Ediacaran Oceanic Oxygenation Event in the Loma Negra Formation.Fil: Arrouy, Maria Julia. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras "Dr. Eduardo Jorge Usunoff". - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras "Dr. Eduardo Jorge Usunoff". - Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras "Dr. Eduardo Jorge Usunoff"; ArgentinaFil: Gómez Peral, Lucia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Penzo, Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Ferreyra, Camila. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Poire, Daniel Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; Argentin

Caracterização dos materiais parentais de solos agrícolas na área de Carlos Reyles, Durazno

El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar el material generador de suelos para el área de Carlos Reyles, Durazno, y su relación con la geología local. Para ello se estudiaron cuatro sectores donde se realizó relevamiento geológico y muestreo de horizontes C. Para los horizontes C se estimó el tamaño de partículas minerales por el método Bouyoucos y la Difracción de Rayos X para cuantificar la composición mineral y el tipo de mineral arcilloso dominante. Para las litologías más representativas (areniscas ferrificadas, silicificadas) se realizaron láminas delgadas para su visualización en microscopio petrográfico. Estas indican que la composición y la distribución de minerales son similares, teniendo como diferencias entre ellas que fueron afectadas por procesos diagenéticos posteriores. Con respecto a una de las zonas que mostraba microrrelieve gilgai, el material corresponde a una arenisca fina de matriz arcillo limosa, que no había sido reportada en la zona como material geológico, asociándosela a los niveles arenosos de la Formación Fray Bentos. Los restantes horizontes C relevados mostraron características similares a las litologías aflorantes muestreadas, tanto para la zona E como W del área de estudio. En la zona este, los suelos resultantes son arenosos, de colores pardo grisáceo, con profundidades variables (70-100 cm), con mineralogía dominante compuesta por cuarzo, plagioclasa, feldespato potásico y proporciones de arcilla que van de muy escasa a escasa, donde el mineral arcilloso dominante es caolinita. Para la zona oeste, donde aparece el microrrelieve gilgai, los suelos resultantes son más profundos (>100 cm), oscuros, con alto contenido de arcilla con respecto a los de la zona este. La mineralogía dominante en el C está compuesta por cuarzo y plagioclasa, con una proporción de arcilla media. En las zonas de estos sitios donde no se reconoce microrrelieve la mineralogía de los horizontes C es similar a los observados para el sur de la zona oeste. Los minerales arcillosos dominantes de la fracción arcilla de todos los horizontes C en esta zona corresponden principalmente a esmectitas.The objective of this work is to determine the parent material of the area of Carlos Reyles, Durazno, as well as the rest of the area and its relation with the local geology. We studied four different places where geological survey was performed as well as sampling of horizons C. For the horizons C we estimated the size of the mineral particles by using the Bouyoucos method and X Ray Diffraction to quantify the mineral composition and the kind of dominant clay mineral. For the main representative lithologies we made thin sections for a better visualization in the petrographic microscope. These indicate, for the different lithologies, a similar composition and distribution of minerals, having as differences between them that they were affected by subsequent diagenetic processes. With respect to the gilgai microrelief, the parent material is a fine sandstone showing a silty-clayey matrix, which had not been reported in the area so far, associated with sandy levels of the Fray Bentos Formation. The C horizons show similar features to the sampled outcrops, both for the East and West of the study area. In the East, the resulting soil is sandy, grayish brown in color, and exhibits varying depths (70-100 cm), with a dominant mineralogy composed of quartz, plagioclase, potassium feldspar and little to very little clay, where the dominant clay mineral is the kaolinite. For the West zone, where the gilgai microrelief occurs, the resulting soils are deeper (>100 cm), dark, with a higher clay content with respect to the eastern area. The dominant mineralogy in the C-horizon is composed of quartz and plagioclase, with a medium proportion of clay. In the areas of these sites where the microrelief is not recognized, the mineralogy of C horizons is similar to those observed for the southern part of the West zone. The dominant clay minerals of the clay fraction of every C horizon in this area belong mainly to the smectite group.O presente trabalho tem como objetivo determinar o material gerador de solos na área de Carlos Reyles, Durazno e sua relação com a geologia local. Foram realizados estudos geológicos e amostragem dos horizontes C em quatro setores. O tamanho das partículas minerais para os horizontes C foi estimado pelo método de Bouyoucos e Difração de Raios-X para quantificar a composição mineral e o tipo de argila mineral dominante. Para as litologias mais representativas (arenitos ferrificados, silicificados), foram confeccionadas lâminas delgadas para sua visualização em microscópio petrográfico. Estes indicam que a composição e distribuição dos minerais são semelhantes, com diferenças entre eles que foram afetadas por processos diagenéticos subsequentes. Em relação a uma das áreas que apresentava microrrelevo de Gilgai, o material corresponde a um arenito fino com matriz argilosa siltosa, que não havia sido reportado na área como material geológico, estando associado aos níveis de arenito de Formação Fray Bentos. Os demais horizontes C apresentaram características semelhantes às litologias de afloramento amostradas, tanto para as zonas Leste quanto para Oeste da área de estudo. Na zona Leste, os solos resultantes são arenosos, de cor castanho-acinzentada, com profundidades variáveis (70-100 cm), com uma mineralogia dominante composta por quartzo, plagioclásio, feldspato potássico e proporções de argila que variam de muito escassa a escassa, onde o mineral de argila dominante é a caulinita. Para a zona Oeste, onde aparece o microrrelevo Gilgai, os solos resultantes são mais profundos (> 100 cm), mais escuros, com um alto teor de argila em comparação com os da zona Leste. A mineralogia dominante em C é composta por quartzo e plagioclásio, com proporção média de argila. Nas áreas desses locais onde o microrrelevo não é reconhecido, a mineralogia dos horizontes C é semelhante àquelas observadas para o Sul da zona Oeste. Os minerais de argila dominantes da fração argila de todos os horizontes C nesta zona correspondem principalmente esmectitas.Fil: Caggiano, Raquel. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Bossi, Jorge. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Blanco, Gonzalo. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Poire, Daniel Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; Argentin

Recurrent volcanic activity recorded in araucarian wood from the Lower Cretaceous Springhill Formation, Patagonia, Argentina: Palaeoenvironmental interpretations

This paper describes a petrified trunk collected from a conglomerate bed of the Springhill Formation (Berriasian?Valanginian) in the Estancia El Álamo locality, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. The fossil trunk is classified within the ubiquitous genus Agathoxylon and the wood anatomy shows a close affinity to that of Araucariaceae. This Patagonian wood has a distinct combination of anatomical characteristics unique among all known species from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of Western Gondwana allowing to diagnose a new fossil taxon Agathoxylon mendezii sp. nov. Sedimentological and megafloristic proxies of the Springhill Formation suggest that Agathoxylon mendezii sp. nov. grew under a warm and wet climate, which indicates a subtropical to temperate palaeoenvironment. However, the large number of frost rings in the earlywood of this araucarian tree suggests that the palaeoenvironment at Estancia El Álamo was subjected to recurrent disturbances, most likely caused by regional continuous volcanic activity originating from volcanoes located far away to the west. This activity would have produced periodic stratospheric veils that promoted rapid decreases in surface air temperature; the wood response to such stressful conditions would have been the formation of numerous (at least five) frost rings. Although recurrent eruptions in Patagonia during the Early Cretaceous are well recorded, this study is the first to register eruptions recorded in a coniferous wood.Fil: del Fueyo, Georgina Marisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Carrizo, Martin Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Poire, Daniel Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Lafuente Diaz, Maiten Amalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentin

The Austral-Magallanes Basin (Southern Patagonia): A synthesis of its stratigraphy and evolution

The Austral-Magallanes is an oil-producing basin located in southern Argentina and Chile, containing a siliciclastic stratigraphic record ranging from the Late Jurassic to Late Cenozoic. This short paper finalize the two special volumes of the Latin American Journal of Sedimentology and Basin Analysis dedicated to the basin, and aim to provide a comprehensive synthesis based on the current knowledge about the chronology of deposition, stratigraphy, and tectonic events that shaped this basin. During the breakup of Gondwana in the Jurassic, an extensional phase was responsible for the beginning of accumulation of volcaniclastic material within grabens, which subsequently were covered by widespread Lower Cretaceous shallow and deep marine deposits that conforms the main hydrocarbon system. From Late Cretaceous onward, the subduction-related compressive regime associated to Andean uplift and fold and thrust belt migration was responsible for the onset of the foreland stage. During the Late Cretaceous, the foredeep zone accumulated a thick pile of deep marine deposits that graded upward to shallow marine and terrestrial deposits. During the Cenozoic, the foredeep was less marked and shallow marine and terrestrial sediments accumulated in wide areas, punctuated by important unconformities associated to foreland uplift. Future developments should focus on: i) improving the age-controlled stratigraphy; ii) joining the information provided by subsurface and outcrop studies; and iii) developing source to sink models to address the Andean impact in the sedimentation of the basin.Fil: Cuitiño, José Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Geología y Paleontología; ArgentinaFil: Varela, Augusto Nicolás. YPF Tecnología S.A.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Ghiglione, Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Richiano, Sebastián Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Geología y Paleontología; ArgentinaFil: Poire, Daniel Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; Argentin

Sedimentology and fluvial styles of the uppermost Cretaceous continental deposits of the Austral-Magallanes Basin, Patagonia, Argentina

The sedimentary infill of the Austral-Magallanes Basin since the onset of its foreland stage in the Lago Argentino region is dominated by deep-marine and coastal deposits. However, during the Late Cretaceous the basin accumulated a thick and poorly known continental sedimentary succession, which has received different lithostratigraphic names. The aim of this work is to characterize the here defined Uppermost Cretaceous Continental Deposits (UCCD) from a detailed facies and architectural analysis, as well as the resulting stacking pattern. Seven Facies Associations (FAs) were discriminated in order to define the sedimentary paleoenvironments: FA1, gravelly sheet bodies; FA2, tabular bodies of conglomerates with mud rip-up clasts; FA3, complex tabular sandy bodies; FA4, simple tabular sandy bodies; FA5, tabular bodies of structureless sandstones; FA6, heterolithic deposits; and FA7, fine-grained deposits. Three different fluvial styles were recognized: meandering systems dominated by avulsion and meander abandonment processes (fluvial style a), braided systems (fluvial style b), and meandering systems dominated by overbank flood processes (fluvial style c). The stacking pattern of the FAs allowed to divide the UCCD into two major depositional stages related to the accommodation space vs sediment supply (A/S) ratio. Stage I is characterized by the alternation of fluvial styles a and b, while the Stage II is represented by the alternation of fluvial styles c and b, and the Stage III is characterized entirely by fluvial style c deposits. Although the UCCD are considered as a whole within a framework of low A/S ratio, several high frequency variations were recognized. The Stage I records seven high frequency intervals of which four are characterized by high A/S ratio interrupted by three events of low A/S. While the stage II is represented by six high frequency periods of low A/S ratio and other five high frequency events of high A/S ratio. The Stage II is considered as deposited in a relative higher A/S context in comparison with the Stage I, based on the behavior of the moderate to high sinuosity meander fluvial systems. Finally, the Stage III is represented entirely by a high frequency low A/S ratio event.Fil: Tettamanti, Camila. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; ArgentinaFil: Moyano Paz, Damián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Varela, Augusto Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Argentina. YPF - Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Tineo, David. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Gómez Peral, Lucia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Poire, Daniel Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Cereceda, Abril. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; ArgentinaFil: Odino Barreto, Andrea Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; Argentin