A method for precise charge reconstruction with pixel detectors using binary hit information

A method is presented to precisely reconstruct charge spectra with pixel detectors using binary hit information of individual pixels. The method is independent of the charge information provided by the readout circuitry and has a resolution mainly limited by the electronic noise. It relies on the ability to change the detection threshold in small steps while counting hits from a particle source. The errors are addressed and the performance of the method is shown based on measurements with the ATLAS pixel chip FE-I4 bump bonded to a 230 {\mu}m 3D-silicon sensor. Charge spectra from radioactive sources and from electron beams are presented serving as examples. It is demonstrated that a charge resolution ({\sigma}<200 e) close to the electronic noise of the ATLAS FE-I4 pixel chip can be achieved

Polyglutamine and Polyalanine Tracts Are Enriched in Transcription Factors of Plants

Polyglutamine (polyQ) tracts have been studied extensively for their roles in a number of human diseases such as Huntington\u27s or different Ataxias. However, it has also been recognized that polyQ tracts are abundant and may have important functional and evolutionary roles. Especially the association of polyQ and also polyalanine (polyA) tracts with transcription factors and their activation activity has been noted. While a number of examples for this association have been found for proteins from opisthokonts (animals and fungi), only a few studies exist for polyQ and polyA stretches in plants, and systematic investigations of the significance of these repeats in plant transcription factors are scarce. Here, we analyze the abundance and length of polyQ and polyA stretches in the conceptual proteomes of six plant species and examine the connection between polyQ and polyA tracts and transcription factors of the repeat-containing proteins. We show that there is an association of polyQ stretches with transcription factors in plants. In grasses, transcription factors are also significantly enriched in polyA stretches. While there is variation in the abundance, length, and association with certain functions of polyQ and polyA stretches between different species, no general differences in the evolution of these repeats could be observed between plants and opisthokonts

lobid-gnd – Eine Schnittstelle zur Gemeinsamen Normdatei für Mensch und Maschine

Mit lobid-gnd bietet das Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen (hbz) eine Schnittstelle zur Gemeinsamen Normdatei (GND) für Mensch und Maschine an. In diesem Beitrag werden detailliert die Nutzungsmöglichkeiten von lobid-gnd beleuchtet. Vorgestellt werden die graphische Nutzeroberfläche, Möglichkeiten komplexer Abfragen gegen die Web-API und die Integration in OpenRefine. Darüber hinaus beschreiben wir den Prozess der Datengenerierung auf Basis des Linked-Data-Angebots der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek (DNB)

lobid – Dateninfrastruktur für Bibliotheken

lobid ist der zentrale Anlaufpunkt für die Linked-Open-Data-Dienste des Hochschulbibliothekszentrums des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen (hbz). Das Akronym „lobid" steht für „Linking Open Bibliographic Data“. lobid umfasst Rechercheoberflächen für Anwender und Web-APIs.Die lobid-Dienste bieten Zugriff auf die Titeldaten des hbz-Verbundkatalogs, Beschreibungen von bibliothekarischen Organisationen und anderen Gedächtnisinstitutionen aus dem Sigelverzeichnis und der Deutschen Bibliotheksstatistik (DBS) sowie auf die Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND). Die Datensets können so in verschiedenen Kontexten einheitlich (JSON-LD über HTTP) genutzt und eingebunden werden. Vielfältige Möglichkeiten der Datenabfrage werden unterstützt.Der Artikel beschreibt zunächst die technischen Hintergründe der Bereitstellung von lobid und die Erfahrungen, die bei der Transformation verschiedener Datensets nach JSON-LD gemacht wurden. Vorgestellt wird auch der Entwicklungsprozess und die Art und Weise der Dokumentation der Dienste

Neutron irradiation test of depleted CMOS pixel detector prototypes

Charge collection properties of depleted CMOS pixel detector prototypes produced on p-type substrate of 2 k$\Omega$cm initial resistivity (by LFoundry 150 nm process) were studied using Edge-TCT method before and after neutron irradiation. The test structures were produced for investigation of CMOS technology in tracking detectors for experiments at HL-LHC upgrade. Measurements were made with passive detector structures in which current pulses induced on charge collecting electrodes could be directly observed. Thickness of depleted layer was estimated and studied as function of neutron irradiation fluence. An increase of depletion thickness was observed after first two irradiation steps to 1$\cdot$10$^{13}$ n/cm$^{2}$ and 5$\cdot$10$^{13}$ n/cm$^{2}$ and attributed to initial acceptor removal. At higher fluences the depletion thickness at given voltage decreases with increasing fluence because of radiation induced defects contributing to the effective space charge concentration. The behaviour is consistent with that of high resistivity silicon used for standard particle detectors. The measured thickness of the depleted layer after irradiation with 1$\cdot$10$^{15}$ n/cm$^{2}$ is more than 50 $\mu$m at 100 V bias. This is sufficient to guarantee satisfactory signal/noise performance on outer layers of pixel trackers in HL-LHC experiments

BDAQ53, a versatile pixel detector readout and test system for the ATLAS and CMS HL-LHC upgrades

BDAQ53 is a readout system and verification framework for hybrid pixel detector readout chips of the RD53 family. These chips are designed for the upgrade of the inner tracking detectors of the ATLAS and CMS experiments. BDAQ53 is used in applications where versatility and rapid customization are required, such as in laboratory testing environments, test beam campaigns, and permanent setups for quality control measurements. It consists of custom and commercial hardware, a Python-based software framework, and FPGA firmware. BDAQ53 is developed as open source software with both software and firmware being hosted in a public repository.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

Anharmonic vs. relaxational sound damping in glasses: II. Vitreous silica

The temperature dependence of the frequency dispersion in the sound velocity and damping of vitreous silica is reanalyzed. Thermally activated relaxation accounts for the sound attenuation observed above 10 K at sonic and ultrasonic frequencies. Its extrapolation to the hypersonic regime reveals that the anharmonic coupling to the thermal bath becomes important in Brillouin-scattering measurements. At 35 GHz and room temperature, the damping due to this anharmonicity is found to be nearly twice that produced by thermally activated relaxation. The analysis also reveals a sizeable velocity increase with temperature which is not related with sound dispersion. This suggests that silica experiences a gradual structural change that already starts well below room temperature.Comment: 13 pages with 8 figure