Wavelength-selectable laser emission from a multistripe array grating integrated cavity laser

We report laser operation of a multistripe array grating integrated cavity (MAGIC) laser in which the wavelength of the emission from a single output stripe is chosen by selectively injection pumping a second stripe. We demonstrate a device that lases in the 1.5 µm fiber band at 15 wavelengths, evenly spaced by ~2 nm. The single-output/wavelength-selectable operation, together with the accurate predefinition of the lasing wavelengths, makes the MAGIC laser a very attractive candidate for use in multiwavelength networks

Monolithic WDM Sources And Detectors For The Long Wavelength Fiber Band Based On An InP Grating Multiplexer/demultiplexer

Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) networks are currently attracting considerable attention worldwide. Applications envisaged are wide-ranging - from computer back-plane interconnects and the telephone local loop, through local- and metropolitan- area networks, to wide-area networks involving advanced wavelength routing schemes [1, 2]

The MAGIC Laser: a Monolithic WDM Source

We discuss the Multi-stripe Array Grating Integrated Cavity (MAGIC) Laser: a multi-wavelength laser formed by monolithically integrating a diffraction grating and an array of active stripes in a planar semiconductor waveguide cavity. Recent results will be presented

The MAGIC Laser: a Monolithic WDM Source

We discuss the Multi-stripe Array Grating Integrated Cavity (MAGIC) Laser: a multi-wavelength laser formed by monolithically integrating a diffraction grating and an array of active stripes in a planar semiconductor waveguide cavity. Recent results will be presented

Party rules, party resources, and the politics of parliamentary democracies: how parties organize in the 21st Century

This article introduces the first findings of the Political Party Database (PPDB) project, a major survey of party organizations in parliamentary and semi-presidential democracies. The project’s first round of data covers 122 parties in 19 countries. In this paper we describe the scope of the database, then investigate what it tells us about contemporary party organization in these countries, focussing on parties’ resources, structures and internal decision-making. We examine organizational patterns by country and party family, and where possible we make temporal comparisons with older datasets. Our analyses suggest a remarkable coexistence of uniformity and diversity. In terms of the major organizational resources on which parties can draw, such as members, staff and finance, the new evidence largely confirms the continuation of trends identified in previous research: i.e., declining membership, but enhanced financial resources and more paid staff. We also find remarkable uniformity regarding the core architecture of party organizations. At the same time, however, we find substantial variation between countries and party families in terms of their internal processes, with particular regard to how internally democratic they are, and in the forms that this democratization takes

Multistripe Array Grating Integrated Cavity (MAGIC) Laser: A New Semiconductor Laser for WDM Applications

A novel semiconductor laser formed by monolithically integrating an array of active stripes with a passive planar waveguide bearing an etched-in diffraction grating is reported. Laser emission occurs from different stripes at different, precisely predetermined, wavelengths. It is expected that this laser will find widespread application in wavelength division multiplexed networks

Zippin’ up my boots, goin’ back to my roots: Radical left parties in Southern Europe

Radical left parties actively encourage the participation of their members in internal decision-making and insist on promoting organised links to trade unions and social movements. As a party family, they deviate from what is considered to be the trend in which Western political parties have turned their backs on their social roots. Drawing on the experience of South European radical left parties from the fall of the Berlin Wall until the recent financial crisis, we argue that ideology, electoral incentives, party competition and external events explain the radical left's pronounced emphasis on linkage, while organisational trajectory explains variation within the party family in terms of the linkage strategies pursued

Party-group relations in new southern European democracies in the crisis era

UID/CPO/04627/2013 PTDC/IVC-CPO/1864/2014publishersversionpublishe