Peculiarities of SDS-PAGE of Titin/Connectin

Titin (also known as connectin) is a giant elastic protein of striated and smooth muscles of vertebrates. The molecular weight of its isoforms is 3.0–3.7 MDa in striated muscles and 0.5–2.0 MDa in smooth muscles. Titin was discovered 40 years ago using the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). At the present time, this method has not lost its relevance but has undergone a number of modifications that improve visualization of giant titin isoforms in the gel. This chapter provides historical insights into the technical aspects of the electrophoresis methods used to identify titin and its isoforms. We focus on the peculiarities of the technique because of which titin molecules remain intact and its high molecular weight isoforms can be visualized. Electrophoretic testing of changes in titin content in muscles can be used in medical practice to diagnose pathological processes and evaluate effective approaches to their correction

Analysis of the causes of infection of children with human immunodeficiency virus, born to HIV-infected women (in Chelyabinsk Region)

In spite of existing effective interventions designed to prevent transmission of HIV from mother to child, in Russia annually registered cases of HIV infection are in children born to HIV-infected women. One of the key causes of chemoprophylaxis for HIV-infected pregnant women, is their lack of regular dispensary observation during pregnancy in women's clinics. Based on these data found that the leading cause of chemoprophylaxis of mother to child are social and psychological in nature and require an integrated multi-agency approach to solving them.Несмотря на имеющиеся разработанные эффективные мероприятия предупреждения передачи ВИЧ-инфекции от матери ребенку, в России ежегодно регистрируются случаи ВИЧ-инфекции у детей, рожденных ВИЧ-инфицированными женщинами. Одной из ключевых причин нарушения проведения химиопрофилактики ВИЧ-инфицированным беременным женщинам является отсутствие регулярного диспансерного наблюдения в женских консультациях во время беременности. На основании полученных данных установлено, что основные причины отсутствия либо неэффективности химиопрофилактики передачи ВИЧ от матери ребенку носят социально-психологический характер и требуют комплексного межведомственного подхода к их решению

Devoted to the 150th anniversary of the first ovariotomy in Odessa: Nikolai Vasilyevich Sklifosofskiy (1836–1904)

В статье освещается первый, то есть одесский, период жизни и деятельности Николая Васильевича Склифосовского (1836–1904). Именно тогда, в 1864 году, им была произведена успешная полная овариотомия, которая стала первой в Одессе и одной из первых в Российской империи. Таким образом, 150 лет тому назад происходило становление оперативной гинекологии и шире — абдоминальной хирургии.The article highlights the first, i. e. Odessa period, of Nikolai Sklifosofskiy’s life and activities (1836–1904). It was exactly in 1864 when he performed a successful complete ovariotomy, which became the first one both in Odessa and the Russian Empire. Thus, 150 years ago there was formation of operational gynecology and abdominal surgery as a whole

Devoted to the 150th anniversary of the hygienist Gregory Vitalievitch Khlopin (1863–1929)

У статті висвітлені життя і діяльність відомого гігієніста Григорія Віталійовича Хлопіна (1863–1929), представника наукової школи московського професора-гігієніста Федора Федоровича Ерісмана (1842–1915) і засновника власної наукової школи. З цією метою залучені нові архівні матеріали. Більш детально висвітлюється період його роботи в Одесі (1903–1904).The article traces the life and work of the famous hygienist Gregory Vitalievitch Khlopin (1863–1929), who was the representative of the scientific school of Moscow professor-hygienist Fyodor Fyodorovich Erisman (1842–1915) and the founder of his own scientific school. New archival materials were presented. The period of his work in Odessa (1903–1904) is reported in more details

Environmental aspects of education: assessment of adaptation of students with different types of autonomic regulation during physical exertion

The environmental aspects of education include the study of the processes of adaptation of students to the effects of the school environment and increasing teaching loads. This problem most often remains an important problem of age physiology and school hygiene. However, its meaning is much broader. Modern studies of the adaptation of students to the effects of the school environment and increasing educational loads have intensified in connection with the tasks of transforming education in the direction of its ecological culture. Our study proceeds from the assumption that the possibilities of assessing the environmental friendliness or environmental culture of education may be associated with the development of an instrumental method for determining and analyzing heart rate variability, suitable for examining large contingents of students as part of such methods for assessing the environmental friendliness of education and its other characteristics as a screening method and monitoring. Evaluation of heart rate variability allows determining the state of the mechanisms of regulation of physiological functions of the human body, the activity of regulatory systems: the central nervous system, the autonomic nervous system, intracardiac processes of the heart, the balance of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system

Order-disorder structural transitions in synthetic filaments of fast and slow skeletal muscle myosins under relaxing and activating conditions.

In the previous study (Podlubnaya et al., 1999, J. Struc. Biol. 127, 1-15) Ca2+-induced reversible structural transitions in synthetic filaments of pure fast skeletal and cardiac muscle myosins were observed under rigor conditions (-Ca2+/+ Ca2+). In the present work these studies have been extended to new more order-producing conditions (presence of ATP in the absence of Ca2+) aimed at arresting the relaxed structure in synthetic filaments of both fast and slow skeletal muscle myosin. Filaments were formed from column-purified myosins (rabbit fast skeletal muscle and rabbit slow skeletal semimebranosus proprius muscle). In the presence of 0.1 mM free Ca2+, 3 mM Mg2+ and 2 mM ATP (activating conditions) these filaments had a spread structure with a random arrangement of myosin heads and subfragments 2 protruding from the filament backbone. Such a structure is indistinguishable from the filament structures observed previously for fast skeletal, cardiac (see reference cited above) and smooth (Podlubnaya et al., 1999, J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil. 20, 547-554) muscle myosins in the presence of 0.1 mM free Ca2+. In the absence of Ca2+ and in the presence of ATP (relaxing conditions) the filaments of both studied myosins revealed a compact ordered structure. The fast skeletal muscle myosin filaments exhibited an axial periodicity of about 14.5 nm and which was much more pronounced than under rigor conditions in the absence of Ca2+ (see the first reference cited). The slow skeletal muscle myosin filaments differ slightly in their appearance from those of fast muscle as they exhibit mainly an axial repeat of about 43 nm while the 14.5 nm repeat is visible only in some regions. This may be a result of a slightly different structural properties of slow skeletal muscle myosin. We conclude that, like other filaments of vertebrate myosins, slow skeletal muscle myosin filaments also undergo the Ca2+-induced structural order-disorder transitions. It is very likely that all vertebrate muscle myosins possess such a property