材料研究の重要性：とくに窒化物半導体について

早稲田大学創立125周年記念シンポジウム 半導体・ナノエレクトロニクス―技術立国日本のこれから― 2007年10月23日 早稲田大学国際会議場井深大記念ホー

Frequency and density dependent radiative recombination processes in III–V semiconductor quantum wells and superlattices

Abstract In this paper we review the radiative recombination processes occurring in semiconductor quantum wells and superlattices under different excitation conditions. We consider processes whose radiative efficiency depends on the photogenerated density of elementary excitations and on the frequency of the exciting field, including luminescence induced by multiphoton absorption, exciton and biexciton radiative decay, luminescence arising from inelastic excitonic scattering, and electron-hole plasma recombination. Semiconductor quantum wells are ideal systems for the investigation of radiative recombination processes at different carrier densities owing to the peculiar wavefunction confinement which enhances the optical non-linearities and the bistable behaviour of the crystal. Radiative recombination processes induced by multi-photon absorption processes can be studied by exciting the crystal in the transparency region under an intense photon flux. The application of this non-linear spectroscopy gives d..

Density of States of GaAs-AlGaAs Heterostructures Deduced from Temperature Dependend Magnetocapacitance Measurements

Abstract We have analyzed the density of states of a two dimensional electron gas in a GaAs- AlGaAs hetereostructure by measuring the magnetocapacitance in magnetic fields up to 6 Tesla at temperatures below 10 K. The experimental data are well described by a Gaussian-like density of states where the linewidth à is proportional to B

Density of States in Landau Level Tails of GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs Heterostructures

From an analysis of the thermally activated resistivity as a function of the magnetic field in the quantum Hall regime we deduced the position of the Fermi energy in the mobility gap as a function of the filling factor and therefore the density of states. The measured density of states is best described by a Gaussian like profile superimposed on a constant background

Observation of transient band-gap renormalization in quantum wells.

Mesure directe de la variation de la renormalisation de la bande interdite en fonction de la densite en porteurs de charge ainsi que son evolution temporelle dans un puits quantique GaAs/Al x Ga 1−x As. Le comportement transitoire de la renormalisation de la bande interdite est gouverne par la duree de vie du porteur de charg

Spatial Coherence of a Polariton Condensate

We perform Young's double-slit experiment to study the spatial coherence properties of a two-dimensional dynamic condensate of semiconductor microcavity polaritons. The coherence length of the system is measured as a function of the pump rate, which confirms a spontaneous buildup of macroscopic coherence in the condensed phase. An independent measurement reveals that the position and momentum uncertainty product of the condensate is close to the Heisenberg limit. An experimental realization of such a minimum uncertainty wave packet of the polariton condensate opens a door to coherent matter-wave phenomena such as Josephson oscillation, superfluidity, and solitons in solid state condensate systems

Dynamic coalescence kinetics of facetted 2D islands

We study the coalescence of 2D islands on a crystal surface by atomic-scale kinetic Monte Carlo simulations on an ensemble of meandering islands. The Brownian motion of islands is due to the motion of atoms within the islands, with the escape of atoms from islands prohibited by the presence of a step edge barrier. We find that the diffusion of individual islands and their size distribution qualitatively change for large bond energies or low temperatures, when the islands develop straight edges (facets). The island diffusion coefficient becomes size-independent and the size distribution becomes monotonously decreasing. The results of the kinetic Monte Carlo simulations are supported by numerical solutions of the Smoluchowski equations. We derive the kernel of the Smoluchowski equations for the 2D case taking into account the screening effects and find that the screening essentially alters the island size distribution

Quantum Degenerate Exciton-Polaritons in Thermal Equilibrium

We study the momentum distribution and relaxation dynamics of semiconductor microcavity polaritons by angle-resolved and time-resolved spectroscopy. Above a critical pump level, the thermalization time of polaritons at positive detunings becomes shorter than their lifetime, and the polaritons form a quantum degenerate Bose-Einstein distribution in thermal equilibrium with the lattice.Comment: Updated with the published versio