Stabilizer codes from modified symplectic form

Stabilizer codes form an important class of quantum error correcting codes which have an elegant theory, efficient error detection, and many known examples. Constructing stabilizer codes of length $n$ is equivalent to constructing subspaces of $\mathbb{F}_p^n \times \mathbb{F}_p^n$ which are "isotropic" under the symplectic bilinear form defined by $\left\langle (\mathbf{a},\mathbf{b}),(\mathbf{c},\mathbf{d}) \right\rangle = \mathbf{a}^{\mathrm{T}} \mathbf{d} - \mathbf{b}^{\mathrm{T}} \mathbf{c}$. As a result, many, but not all, ideas from the theory of classical error correction can be translated to quantum error correction. One of the main theoretical contribution of this article is to study stabilizer codes starting with a different symplectic form. In this paper, we concentrate on cyclic codes. Modifying the symplectic form allows us to generalize the previous known construction for linear cyclic stabilizer codes, and in the process, circumvent some of the Galois theoretic no-go results proved there. More importantly, this tweak in the symplectic form allows us to make use of well known error correcting algorithms for cyclic codes to give efficient quantum error correcting algorithms. Cyclicity of error correcting codes is a "basis dependent" property. Our codes are no more "cyclic" when they are derived using the standard symplectic forms (if we ignore the error correcting properties like distance, all such symplectic forms can be converted to each other via a basis transformation). Hence this change of perspective is crucial from the point of view of designing efficient decoding algorithm for these family of codes. In this context, recall that for general codes, efficient decoding algorithms do not exist if some widely believed complexity theoretic assumptions are true

Effects of peppermint, chewing gum on memory, cognition, alertness, reaction time, arithmetic skills and athletic performance during laboratory induced stress in undergraduate medical students

Background: Many medical students are dealing with day to day stress in their lives and they need to be both physically and mentally active to counter and overcome their daily problems. In such scenario, a non-pharmacological adjunct could prove useful to counter all of it so that they can work more efficiently. Many universities do recommend the use of peppermints and chewing gums. This study is conducted to see if any of these items actually have an influence on cognitive and physical abilities.Methods: A non-randomized controlled trial was performed on the undergraduate medical students of  N.K.P. Salve Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre belonging to the age group of 18-21 years. They were given normal flavoured gum, mint flavoured gum and peppermint. A series of cognitive and physiological tests in both stressful and stress free environments were performed.Results: Consumption of peppermint in a stressful environment showed increase in attention span of the subjects and it increased the intelligence Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-R (WAIS-R) in both stress free and stressful environments. As compared to normal gum, peppermint and peppermint gum proved to be more effective. There was no significant change observed in alertness, reaction time, arithmetic ability, short term memory and fatigue index in any of the subjects.Conclusions: Peppermint has caused increase in the attention span and intelligence of medical students in a stressful work scenario. Peppermint gum was found to be more beneficial than normal gum

Effects of static electromagnetic fields on sleep patterns: a cross-sectional study

Background: Sleep is an important process of our body and a good sleep will lead to a healthy lifestyle. In medical field, students have sleep patterns changing due to heavy academic workload. This may have ill effects on their health. Though most factors that affect sleep are modifiable and treatment for them exists still there are can be many factors that affect sleep which should be explored. The thermal model of human body is a theoretical model that accounts for thermal effects of electromagnetic waves on a given point in human body. This could be easily affect brain as it has highest electrical activity in body and may lead to sleep related disorders.Methods: This study is conducted on medical and dental students to analyse the amount of electromagnetic field they get exposed to and any changes in sleep patterns associated with it. The findings of medical and dental students are compared to see if changes in sleep patterns are due to professional course pursued. Any other confounding factors affecting this study are screened by self-rated Pacific Sleep Questionnaire.Results: There were significant changes seen in the time taken to fall asleep and total sleep period but the time taken to wake up from sleep remained unaffected. The sleeping habits of medical and dental students showed no significant changes.Conclusions: Static electromagnetic fields have significant impact on sleep onset and sleep duration. This is regardless of academic background

Effect of obesity on cognitive function: a cross-sectional study

Background: Obesity is the leading cause of many health problems. It mostly affects the brain by cerebrovascular events, but since it is a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, inflammatory cytokines in blood alter neuronal function. The jolly-fat hypothesis says that obese people have better cognition as they have more fat storage which is required to make neurotransmitters. Many studies have been done to support each of the above hypotheses but most are done in the paediatric or geriatric populations which can have other confounding factors. Obesity can be easily treated with proper dietary interventions, exercise, pharmaceutical therapies, or surgical interventions. Thus, it was worth exploring as simple lifestyle changes might lower the incidence of cognitive disabilities.Methods: This study was done on undergraduate medical students with a sample size of 120 (60 male and 60 female). Their body mass index was calculated after taking body weight and height. The cognition of subjects was studied using the Washington click reaction time test. This was correlated with body mass index using a t test to find a p value with a level of significance of 0.05.Results: High body mass index is associated with poor cognition as the p<0.05 (0.025006). There was no role of gender on body mass index or cognitive functions.Conclusions: Obesity does affect the cognitive function in healthy adult populations with no comorbidities irrespective of the gender of the individual. More prospective studies with a more sensitive battery of tests can be done to further understand this

Natural Resources Revenue Buoyancy in India: Empirical Evidence From State-specific Mining Regime

The dynamics of natural resources revenue – the payment due to the sovereign owner (government) in exchange for the right to extract the mineral substance – is complex, how it is fixed and paid. It is controversial and significant, as it is a revenue that is unique to the resources sector and also that has been fixed and paid in multiple extractive tax regimes, sometimes on the measures of profitability, but more often based on ad valorem (value based) or the unit of the mineral extracted. We try to analyse how dynamic revenue from natural resources across the States in India , within a comparative framework with other (direct and indirect) taxes. Using the ARDL methodology, we have tried to estimate the revenue buoyancy within States and between the States in a panel, and analysed the short run and long run coefficients and their speed of adjustment. Using HP filter, we tried to estimate the potential GDP, and also analysed the cyclicality of revenue buoyancy using output gap variable across states. Our findings revealed that revenue from natural resources is a buoyant source of revenue, though there is distinct State-specific differentials. The policy implication of our study for the natural resources sector is the rate rationalisation as higher rates revised upward every three years through Royalty Study Group by Government of India can affect the revenue augmentation if Laffer Curve starts operating and in turn it affects the firm level competitiveness. The decision of shifting the mining regime from tonnage regime to ad-valorem regime for non-atomic non-ferrous is welcome, as it is market-linked

Natural Resources Revenue Buoyancy in India: Empirical Evidence From State-specific Mining Regime

The dynamics of natural resources revenue – the payment due to the sovereign owner (government) in exchange for the right to extract the mineral substance – is complex, how it is fixed and paid. It is controversial and significant, as it is a revenue that is unique to the resources sector and also that has been fixed and paid in multiple extractive tax regimes, sometimes on the measures of profitability, but more often based on ad valorem (value based) or the unit of the mineral extracted. We try to analyse how dynamic revenue from natural resources across the States in India , within a comparative framework with other (direct and indirect) taxes. Using the ARDL methodology, we have tried to estimate the revenue buoyancy within States and between the States in a panel, and analysed the short run and long run coefficients and their speed of adjustment. Using HP filter, we tried to estimate the potential GDP, and also analysed the cyclicality of revenue buoyancy using output gap variable across states. Our findings revealed that revenue from natural resources is a buoyant source of revenue, though there is distinct State-specific differentials. The policy implication of our study for the natural resources sector is the rate rationalisation as higher rates revised upward every three years through Royalty Study Group by Government of India can affect the revenue augmentation if Laffer Curve starts operating and in turn it affects the firm level competitiveness. The decision of shifting the mining regime from tonnage regime to ad-valorem regime for non-atomic non-ferrous is welcome, as it is market-linked

NFT Marketplace

In an increasingly digitized world, the secure management and trade of digital assets have become a pressing issue. This project aims to address this challenge by developing a decentralized application (dApp) that leverages blockchain technology and deep learning models to provide secure and efficient digital asset management, with a focus on NFTs. The dApp includes features such as secure wallet connections, NFT image generation, minting, marketplace, and profile management. The back-end of the dApp is implemented using the Goerli testnet with Solidity-based smart contracts, while IPFS and ReactJS/EtherJS are used for decentralized storage and front-end development, respectively. Additionally, the OpenAI API is integrated to generate unique NFT images based on user input. The project demonstrates the practical application of blockchain technology and deep learning models in developing dApps for secure and decentralized digital asset management. Overall, the project contributes to the ongoing research on blockchain-based solutions for secure digital asset management, while highlighting the potential of blockchain and deep learning technologies to transform the way we manage and trade digital assets.Comment: Report for MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS course projec

E-Healthcare Android Application based On Cloud Computing

The Online Healthcare System can be enhanced significantly by including most recent Information technology. The use of smartphones is increasing every day and is available with the people spread across different demographics. People can access health records online by just one click. This paper proposes a model of designing flexible e-healthcare management system based on Cloud Computing. The elastic nature of cloud permits infinite number of users to access the cloud simultaneously without any limitations. The Healthcare System is implemented in two interfaces: the patient interface and the doctor interface. The patient’s interface allows patients to create, manage, control and share their health information with respective doctors. Finally, the system proposed is efficient as it improves cost management, time, storing patients profile, and provides security to patient’s medical records, book appointments and consult the right doctor online

Emergence of categorical face perception after extended early-onset blindness

It is unknown whether the ability to visually distinguish between faces and nonfaces is subject to a critical period during development. Would a congenitally blind child who gains sight several years after birth be able to acquire this skill? This question has remained unanswered because of the rarity of cases of late sight onset. We had the opportunity to work with five early-blind individuals who gained sight late in childhood after treatment for dense bilateral cataracts. We tested their ability to categorize patterns as faces, using natural images that spanned a spectrum of face semblance. The results show that newly sighted individuals are unable to distinguish between faces and nonfaces immediately after sight onset, but improve markedly in the following months. These results demonstrate preserved plasticity for acquiring face/ nonface categorization ability even late in life, and set the stage for investigating the informational and neural basis of this skill acquisition.James S. McDonnell FoundationNational Eye InstituteNick Simons Foundatio

Effect of repeated extraction of white ash with water on physicochemical properties of palash kshar

Background: Kshar Kalpana is the method of extraction of white alkaline substances present in the white ash of the plant. Ancient scholars used the single time extraction by variation in the quantum (4, 6 and 8 times) of solvent (water). Modern pharmaceutics recommend the recur of extraction till getting much extract. No single work was conducted to study Pharmaceutical and physicochemical variation on single and repeated extraction of alkaline substances from white ash of Palash (Butea monosperma Lam.) plant using water.Objectives: To prepare and compare Palash Kshar by using single and multiple extraction in terms of physicochemical limits, cost, and yield.Materials and Methods: Palash Kshar was prepared by using single and repeated (5 times) extraction of white ash of palash along with water. Palash Kshar was characterized by organoleptic characters, physico-chemical limits, and various modern analytical techniques, viz., X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and Flame Photometry.Results: Percentage yield of Palash kshar was decreased nearly to half from 1st to 5th extraction. Maximum Sodium (Na) and potassium (K) extraction happens after 1st extraction. K percentage of Palash kshar obtained after 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th extraction is 5.380, 6.177, 5.959, and 3.990. Na percentage of Palash kshar obtained after 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th extraction is 0.179, 0.207, 0.329 and 0.321. All samples of Palash Kshar contain K, Na, C, O, Cl, while Mg and Al were present in kshar obtained from repeated extraction.Conclusion: A method prescribed by ancient scholar i.e. use of single extraction of ash with water, is the proper method regarding yield, cost, and extraction of basic substances like Na, K