Tumors of Urogenital Tract, Molecular Genetic Characteristics and Impact on Biological Behavior

The Ph.D. thesis is a collection of seven commented articles on the topic of molecular-genetic of urogenital tumors. The spectrum of urogenital lesions is very wide, there is lots of new insights in field of urogenital pathology. Therefore, presented Ph.D. thesis is focused only on small part of urogenital neoplasms - renal cell carcinomas characterized by papillary growing pattern. The introduction presents different entities with papillary morphology, there are specified basic morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular-genetic characteristic of these lesions, their differential diagnosis is commented. In the results, there are presented recently published studies dealing with newly described entities of renal neoplasias, heterogenity of molecular genetic studies in individual tumorous groups is established, prognostic significance is commented, typical pitfalls are introduced. In the conclusions, the limitations of the use molecular-genetic methods are discussed and clinical outcome and significance is evaluated.Disertační práce je komentovaným souborem sedmi v anglické literatuře publikovaných prací zabývajících se problematikou molekulární genetiky nádorů urogenitálního traktu. Při velkém množství současných poznatků v tomto odvětví a při širokém spektru urogenitálních lézí je pak tato dizertační práce blíže zaměřena zejména na současný pohled na renální neoplásie charakterizované predominantně papilárním typem růstu. Po obecném úvodu jsou blíže prezentovány jednotlivé renální neoplasie s papilární morfologií, specifikovány jsou jejich morfologické, imunohistochemické a molekulárně-genetické vlastnosti, komentována je jejich diferenciální diagnostika. Ve výsledcích jsou představeny recentně publikované novinky v morfologickém spektru těchto lézí, poznatky o heterogenitě výsledků molekulárně genetických metod u jednotlivých nádorových jednotek, zmíněna jsou úskalí běžné diagnostické praxe, komentován je též prognostický význam těchto lézí. Závěrem je zhodnocen a komentován klinický dopad a užití těchto poznatků v běžné praxi.Šiklův ústav patologieLékařská fakulta v PlzniFaculty of Medicine in Pilse

Hormone receptor conversion in metastatic breast cancer

Background/Objective: Hormone receptor (HR) status is one of the key factors in determining the treatment of breast cancer. Previous studies suggested that HR status may change in metastatic tissue. However, available studies focused mainly on primary biopsies and there are only few trials comparing HR status in the primary tumour and the metastasis using material from complete resection. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of HR alterations in metastatic breast cancer. Materials and methods: The study retrospectively examines a total of 50 patients who underwent brain, lung, or liver metastasectomy for metastatic breast cancer between January 2000 and January 2019. Results: HR conversion was observed in a total of 30 cases (60.0%), while HER-2/neu (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) discrepancy surprisingly occurred only in one case (2.0%). A change in immunophenotype occurred in 28% of cases. Triple-negativity was more frequent in brain metastases (p = 0.039). Conclusions: We have confirmed that HR conversion between the primary tumour and its metastases occurs in a significant number of cases, which has important implications for further treatment decisions

Tumors of Urogenital Tract, Molecular Genetic Characteristics and Impact on Biological Behavior

The Ph.D. thesis is a collection of seven commented articles on the topic of molecular-genetic of urogenital tumors. The spectrum of urogenital lesions is very wide, there is lots of new insights in field of urogenital pathology. Therefore, presented Ph.D. thesis is focused only on small part of urogenital neoplasms - renal cell carcinomas characterized by papillary growing pattern. The introduction presents different entities with papillary morphology, there are specified basic morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular-genetic characteristic of these lesions, their differential diagnosis is commented. In the results, there are presented recently published studies dealing with newly described entities of renal neoplasias, heterogenity of molecular genetic studies in individual tumorous groups is established, prognostic significance is commented, typical pitfalls are introduced. In the conclusions, the limitations of the use molecular-genetic methods are discussed and clinical outcome and significance is evaluated

Tumors of Urogenital Tract, Molecular Genetic Characteristics and Impact on Biological Behavior

The Ph.D. thesis is a collection of seven commented articles on the topic of molecular-genetic of urogenital tumors. The spectrum of urogenital lesions is very wide, there is lots of new insights in field of urogenital pathology. Therefore, presented Ph.D. thesis is focused only on small part of urogenital neoplasms - renal cell carcinomas characterized by papillary growing pattern. The introduction presents different entities with papillary morphology, there are specified basic morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular-genetic characteristic of these lesions, their differential diagnosis is commented. In the results, there are presented recently published studies dealing with newly described entities of renal neoplasias, heterogenity of molecular genetic studies in individual tumorous groups is established, prognostic significance is commented, typical pitfalls are introduced. In the conclusions, the limitations of the use molecular-genetic methods are discussed and clinical outcome and significance is evaluated