In-flight direct-strike lightning research

Tests designed to investigate the lightning-generated electromagnetic environment affecting aircraft are discussed. An F-106B aircraft specially instrumented for lightning electromagnetic measurements was used. The instrumentation system is reviewed and typical results recorded by the instrumentation during simulated-lightning ground tests performed for a safety survey are presented. Several examples of data obtained during summer flight testing are presented and future plans are discussed

The 1981 direct strike lightning data

Data waveforms obtained during the 1981 direct strike lightning tests, utilizing the NASA F-106B aircraft specially instrumented for lightning electromagnetic measurements are presented. The aircraft was operated in a thunderstorm environment to elicit strikes. Electromagnetic field data were recorded for both attached lightning and free field excitation of the aircraft

The Effective Potential in Kohn-Sham Theory

Density functional theory (DFT)} is a widely used technique for electronic structure calculations. It allows a first principles solution of the many-electron Schrödinger equation by relating the electron density of the systems ground state to that of a fictitious non-interacting system. The success of DFT methods comes from the use of approximations to the exact total energy functional that, with an appropriate functional, accurately determine the ground state properties of a system. The work presented in this thesis uses properties of the Kohn-Sham effective potential to correct errors in DFT approximations, particularly those associated with self-interactions. Applying a constraint to the effective potential enforcing the correct, self-interaction free asymptotic behaviour significantly improves the calculation of ionisation energies for the LDA, PBE, and B3LYP functionals. For LDA this error is reduced from 4.08 eV to 1.61 eV, with a similar reduction in error found for PBE and B3LYP. Additional methods to improve this self-interaction correction are presented and expanded upon, including a self-interaction free hybrid scheme for the constrained minimisation method. This hybrid further improves ionisation energies over the constrained method. Average errors of PBE ionisation energies are reduced from 4.41 eV to 0.34 eV. These improvements are also found to extend to the ionisation energies of all occupied orbitals and electron affinities. A post-scf correction that corrects ionisation energies from the Kohn-Sham eigenvalue to those from a $\Delta_{\text{scf}}$ calculation is also developed. Ionisation energies for the LDA approximation are improved from an average error of 3.99 eV to 0.93 eV, with similar improvements seen for lower lying ionisation energies and electron affinities. The final work of this thesis shows that, unlike conventional band theory, spin-DFT (SDFT) can predict insulating behaviours in periodic systems from a unit cell containing an odd number of electrons. Additionally, this result is shown for a novel method for implementing DFT; combining SDFT XC energy functionals with a spin-independent effective potential, through the use of the optimised effective potential method

Forest management levels in the Tennessee Valley as related to characteristics of the landowners

The purpose of this study was to examine the level of forest management as related to the characteristics of the owners being practiced on private commercial forests in the 125 counties in the Tennessee Valley area. The data were obtained from 326 sampling units on private landownerships which were selected by means of a 12-mile grid over the 125 Tennessee Valley counties. Emphasis was placed on attitudes, interests, knowledge, capabilities of landowners, present management of forests, and receptivity to suggested changes in management. It was found that the level of forest management increases as education, size of ownership, and length of tenure increase. The level of forest management decreases as owner\u27s age increases. Owners with a professional occupation and the forest products industries were the best managers. In conclusion, the demand for timber by the year 2000 will require raising the level of forest management in the Tennessee Valley. Several recommendations for improving the level of forest management by public forestry agencies as the result of the owners\u27 characteristics and attitudes data are offered

Letter from Thomas Pitts to James B. Finley

Dr. Thomas Pitts writes from New York City asking Finley to receive two land warrants (6295, 6421) from Alexander Homes, Esq., in Newark, Ohio. Pitts requests that Finley sell the land to advantage and send the net proceeds to him. He then asks Finley to call on Rev. Spencer in Cincinnati to let him know that he will send necessary proof on account of two notes paid the Newark Banking Co. for the estate of Jonathan Dayton (deceased). In a postcript, Pitts advises that these military land warrants sell for $200. Abstract Number - 8https://digitalcommons.owu.edu/finley-letters/1007/thumbnail.jp

#BlackWorkersMatter

Asserting that Black lives matter also means that the quality of those lives matters, and economic opportunity is inextricably linked to quality of life. Decades after the Civil Rights Movement and the passage of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, structural barriers still hold back African Americans in the workplace.The authors of this report provide some broader context on the black jobs crisis, including its origins and effects; the particular impact of the crisis on African American women; the declining state of black workers and their organizations, particularly within the labor movement; and the implications of the twin crises of joblessness and poverty-level wages for organizing. This report also features examples of how black worker organizations are combining strategic research, services, policy advocacy, and organizing to help black workers weather the economic storms and improve the quality of jobs that are open to African Americans over the long term

The 2014 Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing: What Teachers Initially Need to Know

The Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (2014) were redesigned with test developers as the intended audience. Such a target audience excludes classroom teachers, who make up a significant portion of the workforce administering tests and interpreting test data to make meaningful inferences about student abilities. Although the primary audience identified in the new Standards is the test development community, a secondary audience – teachers – would benefit from familiarizing themselves with the current guidelines to be able to be able to guard against test misuse. The ability for teachers to interpret, articulate, and cite the Standards can improve teacher experiences in circumstances in which test data might be misused and negatively impact teachers, students, and families. The goal of this paper is to provide teachers with a brief overview of three issues in current educational practices related to the use of test data in high stakes decision-making, and to contextualize each issue using the Standards. Given that the target audience for the Standards excludes classroom teachers, the paper will focus on sections that are aligned with impacts on teacher practices, and only briefly mention issues related to classroom teaching practices.

Statistical analysis of direct-strike lightning data (1980 to 1982)

Electromagnetic measurements are being made during direct lightning strikes by NASA Langley Center using a specially instrumented F-106B aircraft. The research is to aid refinement, characterization, and understanding of the lightning-aircraft interaction process and the lightning hazards to aircraft. Statistical methods are applied to characterize some aspects of the lightning data obtained from 176 strikes to the aircraft. Specific attention is given to the problem of estimating the upper extreme quantiles of the distributions of peak-to-peak values for currents and rates of change in the magnetic and flux densities. A formal treatment via a general location-scale family of models allows the estimation method to be adapted to the realized shapes the distributions. The shapes are examined by probability plotting methods