Staphylococcal Panton-Valentine Leucocidin as a Major Virulence Factor Associated to Furuncles

Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL), one of the β-barrel pore-forming staphylococcal leucotoxins, is known to be associated to furuncles and some severe community pneumonia. However, it is still uncertain how many other virulence factors are also associated to furuncles and what the risk factors of furuncles are in immuno-compromised status of patients, especially the HIV (+) patients. In this paper, we use antigen immunoprecipitation and multiplex PCR approach to determine the presence of 19 toxins, 8 adhesion factors and the PFGE profiles associated to furuncles in three independent patient study groups of S. aureus (SA) isolates collected from the Cayenne General Hospital (French Guiana). The patient groups were made of: 16 isolates from HIV (−) patients, 9 from HIV (+) patients suffering from furuncles, and 30 control isolates from patients with diverse secondary infected dermatitis. Our data reveals that the majority (96%) of SA strains isolated from HIV patient-derived furuncles significantly produced PVL (p<10−7), whereas only 10% of SA strains produced this toxin in secondary infected dermatosis. A high prevalence of LukE-LukD-producing isolates (56 to 78%) was recorded in patient groups. Genes encoding clumping factor B, collagen- and laminin-binding proteins (clfB, cna, lbp, respectively) were markedly frequent (30 to 55%), without being associated to a specific group. Pulse field gel electrophoresis evidenced 24 overall pulsotypes, whereas the 25 PVL-producing isolates were distributed into 15 non clonal fingerprints. These pulsotypes were not specific PVL-producing isolates. PVL appears to be the major virulence factor associated to furuncles in Europe and in South America regardless of the immune status of the HIV patients

Choice-Disability and HIV Infection: A Cross Sectional Study of HIV Status in Botswana, Namibia and Swaziland

Interpersonal power gradients may prevent people implementing HIV prevention decisions. Among 7,464 youth aged 15–29 years in Botswana, Namibia and Swaziland we documented indicators of choice-disability (low education, educational disparity with partner, experience of sexual violence, experience of intimate partner violence (IPV), poverty, partner income disparity, willingness to have sex without a condom despite believing partner at risk of HIV), and risk behaviours like inconsistent use of condoms and multiple partners. In Botswana, Namibia and Swaziland, 22.9, 9.1, and 26.1% women, and 8.3, 2.8, and 9.3% men, were HIV positive. Among both women and men, experience of IPV, IPV interacted with age, and partner income disparity interacted with age were associated with HIV positivity in multivariate analysis. Additional factors were low education (for women) and poverty (for men). Choice disability may be an important driver of the AIDS epidemic. New strategies are needed that favour the choice-disabled

Les aspects epidemiologiques et cliniques de la pelade au Chu Tokoin (Lome)

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Causes medicales d’hospitalisation des personnes agees de 65 ans et plus au Chu Tokoin de Lome.

Vascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and dementia increase with age in according to WHO. This retrospective study from 1999 to 2003, had the aim to look for medical hospitalization causes of old persons in Lom&eacute;-Tokoin university hospital by comparing patients of 40 to 64 years (group A) and 65 years and over (group B). 8419 patients was hospitalized (A=32.41%; B=9.66%). We notified among other diseases, stroke (A=9.08% B=17.32%), diabetes (A=3.37% B=8.23%), hypertension (A=3.4% B=6.87%), heart insufficiency (A=0.40% B=3.56%). Dementia was not notified.Les affections cerebro-cardiovasculaires, le diabete, le cancer et la demence augmentent avec l'age selon lfOMS.But : Faire lfinventaire des causes medicales dfhospitalisation des personnes agees (. 65 ans) et comparer ces causes a celles des adultes de 40 a 64 ans.Methodologie : Il s'agit d'une etude retrospective allant de 1999 a 2003 menee a partir des dossiers des archives des services de Medecine du CHU Tokoin de Lome. Nous avions inclus dans cette etude tous les dossiers des patients ages de 40 ans et plus ; nous avions compare, avec le khi carre, les principales causes medicales dfhospitalisation des patients de 40 a 64 ans (groupe A) et celles des patients de 65 ans et plus (groupe B).Resultats : Au total, 8419 patients etaient hospitalises dont 2729 du groupe A (A=32,41%) et 814 du groupe B (B=9,66%). Les deux groupes avaient presente les memes maladies et symptomes, mais certains de ceux-ci etaient significativement dominants dans le groupe B. Il sfagit des AVC (A=9% ; B=17,3% ; p&lt;0,001), du diabete (A=3,3% ; B=8,2% ; p&lt;0,001), de lfHTA (A=3,4% ; B=6,9% ; p&lt;0,001), de lfinsuffisance cardiaque (A=0,4% ; B=3,5% ; p&lt;0,001), du neuropaludisme (A=0,5% ; B=1,3% ; p&lt;0,02)et des metastases osseuses (A=0,2% ; B=1,1% ; p&lt;0,001).Conclusion : Notre etude retrouve, conformement a la litterature, les memes affections chez les personnes agees et les adultes sauf les demences. Dfou lfimportance dfune unite de geriatrie a Lome

Profil des dermatoses en consultation foraine en milieu rural au Togo

Objectif : Le but de cette étude était de documenter le profil épidémiologique et clinique des pathologies cutanées en milieu rural au Togo. Méthode : Il s’agit d’une étude transversale à l’hôpital de l’Ordre souverain de Malte d’Elavagnon à environ 235 kilomètres de Lomé, la capitale du Togo du 8 au 9 Janvier 2020. Résultats : Durant la période d’étude, 77 patients ont été consultés. L’âge moyen des patients était de 29,94±17,76 ans (extrêmes : 1 mois et 74 ans) et le sex-ratio (H/F) de 0,75. La durée d’évolution des lésions avant la consultation était de 1200,27 jours (extrêmes : 7 et 7300 jours). Les dermatoses immuno-allergiques venaient en première position (n=29/77; 37,7%) suivies des dermatoses infectieuses (n=10/77; 12,9%) parmi lesquelles venaient en tête respectivement l’eczéma (48,4%) et les mycoses (60%). Conclusion : Notre étude montre une fréquence élevée des pathologies cutanées immuno-allergiques par rapport à celles infectieuses comme ce qui est observé en milieu urbain. Cependant la durée d’évolution des lésions avant la consultation est longue due à l’absence de dermatologue dans ces milieux. Il importe d’accélérer la formation des dermatologues pour les besoins de terrain (nombre élevé de consultation:77 patients en 48 heures) ou alors de multiplier ces campagnes de consultation foraines. Mots-clefs : milieu rural, dermatoses immuno-allergiques (Togo). English Abstract:&nbsp; Profile of dermatoses in fairground consultation in rural areas in Togo Objective: The aim of this study was to document the epidemiological and clinical profile of skin pathologies in rural areas in Togo. Method: This is a cross-sectional study at the hospital of Ordre souverain de Malte in Elavagnon, about 235 kilometers from Lomé, the capital of Togo from January 8 to 9, 2020. Results: During the study period, 77 patients were consulted. The average age of the patients was 29.94±17, 76 years (range: 1 month and 74 years) and the sex ratio (M/F) was 0.75. The duration of the lesions before consultation was 1200, 27 days (range: 7 and 7300 days). The evolution’s Immunoallergic dermatoses came first (n= 29/77; 37.7%) followed by infectious dermatoses (n=10/77; 12.9%) among which respectively leading eczema (48.4%) and fungus (60%). Conclusion: Our study shows a high frequency of immunoallergic skin pathologies compared to infectious ones like what is observed in urban areas. However, the duration of evolution of the lesions before the consultation is long due to the absence of dermatologist in these environments. It is important to speed up the training of dermatologists for field needs (high number of consultations: 77 patients in 48 hours), or multiply these fairgroung consultation campaigns. Keywords: rural areas, immuno-allergic dermatoses (Togo

Maladie de Kaposi et infection a VIH au Chu Tokoin Lome(TOGO)

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