Crisis of inclusive development of civil society in Poland

Celem artykułu jest próba wykazania, że przyczyną kryzysu inkluzywnego rozwoju społeczeństwa obywatelskiego w Polsce jest to, że w ramach tych samych przepisów mogą zapadać odmienne decyzje przesądzające o nierówności wobec prawa i prowadzące do naruszenia standardów i praw człowieka, utrudnienia udziału w życiu społecznym, gospodarczym. W naukach prawnych niemal nie podejmuje się problematyki wypracowania kryteriów rozstrzygania wątpliwości dotyczących treści prawa, a nie są one przedmiotem regulacji prawnej i mogą powstać jako prawo tylko spontanicznie. W odniesieniu do spontanicznego powstawania prawa praktycznie nie są realizowane badania naukowe, co utrudnia ustalenie, jakie dokładnie obowiązują reguły, zasady, wskazówki wykładni i stosowania prawa. Nie są więc w ten sposób gwarantowane podstawowe warunki rozwoju inkluzywnego. Wyjaśnienie tego problemu jest swoistą nowością z punktu widzenia przyczyn kryzysu danego rozwoju i przyczyn kryzysu systemu prawnego. W artykule wykorzystano metodę analizy lingwistycznej i ekonomicznej analizy prawa.This article is trying to show that the cause of the crisis of inclusive development of civil society in Poland is that there are different decisions being rendered based on the same regulations, which prejudge inequality before the law, lead to violation of human rights and standards, and impede participation in social and economic life. In legal sciences, the issue of elaborating criteria for resolving doubts about the content of the law is almost never undertaken, and they are not subject to legal regulation and can only be established spontaneously as a law. With regard to the spontaneous creation of law, scientific research is practically not carried out, which makes it difficult to determine exactly what rules, principles, guidelines for interpretation and application of law apply. Because of the foregoing, the basic conditions for inclusive development are not guaranteed. The explanation of this problem is a novelty from the point of view of the causes of the crisis of a given development and causes of the crisis of the legal system. The article uses the method of linguistic analysis and economic analysis of law

LEGISLATIVE TECHNIQUE PRINCIPLES IN THE PRACTICE OF LAW INTERPRETATION

The conviction about the existence o f certain correspondence between the directives o f editing and interpreting legal texts is based upon the belief that it is the legislator that sets out the linguistic and axiological limits of law application of a legal text; this conviction is also connected with the developed notion o f rational legislator. However, initially one did not use to speak o f the need to create correspondence between the directives of editing and interpreting legal texts in spite of the fact that one was aware of the connection between law creation and interpretation. The author sets out to determine: (i) which of the previously foreseen ways of attaining correspondence was applied during the creation of the official set of legislative technique principles, (ii) whether and to what extent correspondence between legislative technique principles and literal law interpretation directives was attained, and (iii) to what extent the „Legislative Technique Principles” o f 1991 has given rise to the conviction of correspondence between the directives o f law creation and interpretation in the legal practice

Selected problems from the area of origins of law

Those papers concern selected issues taken from the area of the origin of the law and the legal system. The authors consider relations between changes in the concepts of the origin of law and formal transformations of the legal system. A. Piotrowski stresses an increasing number of judicial decisions in the Polish statutory law, which in consequence blur the sharp line between the making and the execution of law. T. Kozłowski describes difficulties which are currently encountered in the process of the law-making in the light of a collapse of the authority of the law, and postulates a detailed research into that phenomenon. R. Piszko provides a global characteristics of the relations between the legal system and other systems outside that system, operating in the same environment and argues that concepts in that area should be precisely defined. M. Kordela discusses the role of ombudsman in Poland in the reconstruction process of legal principles (material, formal and institutional) on which a concept of legal state, and the contents of its concept are based.Digitalizacja i deponowanie archiwalnych zeszytów RPEiS sfinansowane przez MNiSW w ramach realizacji umowy nr 541/P-DUN/201