The Devil in the Details: How Specific Should Catholic Social Thought Teaching Be?

The article explores Catholic social teaching\u27s tradition of generality, and assesses the wisdom of, and potential for, change to a more specific orientation. The article enlightens the reader as to reasons for the traditional approach to Catholic social teaching, what might be gained by the articulation of a more concrete social teaching, the assertion that a more specific social teaching will require greater lay input, a suggestion for a possible mechanism for accomplishing this, and the benefits of greater lay input, particularly via the aforementioned mechanism. The article also makes some recommendations as to when, how, and to what degree the Church should aspire to a more detailed formation of its social teaching

The Devil in the Details: How Specific Should Catholic Social Thought Teaching Be?

The article explores Catholic social teaching\u27s tradition of generality, and assesses the wisdom of, and potential for, change to a more specific orientation. The article enlightens the reader as to reasons for the traditional approach to Catholic social teaching, what might be gained by the articulation of a more concrete social teaching, the assertion that a more specific social teaching will require greater lay input, a suggestion for a possible mechanism for accomplishing this, and the benefits of greater lay input, particularly via the aforementioned mechanism. The article also makes some recommendations as to when, how, and to what degree the Church should aspire to a more detailed formation of its social teaching

The Crisis of Unrepresented Immigrants: Vastly Increasing the Number of Accredited Representatives Offers the Best Hope for Resolving It

The U.S. immigration system is exceedingly complex, and access to legal representation is the primary determinant in obtaining a just immigration outcome. Immigrants must navigate a byzantine, burdensome, and high stakes legal process, conducted in a language they often do not speak. They often must do so without any legal representation. Unlike criminal defendants, immigrants are not entitled to government-funded lawyers. Legal services organizations, such as Legal Services Corporation, that receive any federal funding are prohibited from providing legal representation to most immigrants. Faith-based and charitable legal services organizations provide some legal representation to immigrants through attorneys, staff members, and volunteer lawyers who provide pro bono legal services. The limited pro bono legal services that are available, however, cannot meet even a majority of the demand. This imbalance has persisted for decades and, indeed, has recently grown exponentially worse despite significant efforts to recruit lawyers for pro bono assistance. Long-standing regulatory authority provides a possible pathway forward. Federal regulations allow what are called “accredited representatives” to provide legal services in administrative immigration proceedings. This authority has existed for more than seventy years, during which accredited representatives have competently and successfully assisted many migrants. Although there are only approximately 2,300 accredited representatives today, many more persons could effectively and efficiently be educated to do the job. But they will not be unless existing members of the immigration ecosystem recognize the importance of accredited representatives and take steps to support their occupation’s growth

Rules Are Made to Be Broken: How the Process of Expedited Removal Fails Asylum Seekers

Immigration inspectors are authorized to deport persons who arrive at U.S. ports without valid travel documents. This process, which usually occurs within 48 hours and does not allow for judicial review, is called expedited removal. This article begins by summarizing the findings of the few studies allowed access to the process. The authors extrapolate from the studies to demonstrate that thousands of genuine asylum seekers have erroneously been deported via expedited removal. The greatest cause of erroneous deportation is a failure by the agency responsible for the process, Customs and Border Protection (CBP), to follow its own rules. The heart of the article is a simple inquiry: given the stakes involved, why doesn’t CBP follow its own rules? One report found CBP’s failure “simply inexplicable.” Drawing on the work of Jerry Mashaw, among others, the article attempts to “explain the inexplicable.” It demonstrates that a mix of bureaucratic and personal realities, including CBP’s dominant enforcement culture, combine to promote noncompliance with many of the rules intended to protect asylees. This showing has important implications for those who would repair the system. CBP’s enforcement culture is likely to defeat any attempt to ensure compliance with the rules simply by reiterating them. A method is needed for moderating the culture, so that deporting the wrong person becomes as unacceptable in the future as admitting the wrong person is right now. The article closes with numerous suggestions to help achieve the required change, as well as a few recommendations for specific rule changes

Sulfonates-PMMA nanoparticles conjugates: A versatile system for multimodal application

a b s t r a c t We report herein the viability of a novel nanoparticles (NPs) conjugated system, namely the attachment, based on ionic and hydrophobic interactions, of different sulfonated organic salts to positively charged poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA)-based core-shell nanoparticles (EA0) having an high density of ammonium groups on their shells. In this context three different applications of the sulfonates@EA0 systems have been described. In detail, their ability as cytotoxic drugs and pro-drugs carriers was evaluated in vitro on NCI-H460 cell line and in vivo against human ovarian carcinoma IGROV-1 cells. Besides, 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, trisodium salt (HPTS) was chosen for NPs loading, and its internalization as bioimaging probe was evaluated on Hep G2 cells. Overall, the available data support the interest for these PMMA NPs@sulfonates systems as a promising formulation for theranostic applications. In vivo biological data strongly support the potential value of these core-shell NPs as delivery system for negatively charged drugs or biologically active molecules. Additionally, we have demonstrated the ability of these PMMA core-shell nanoparticles to act as efficient carriers of fluorophores. In principle, thanks to the high PMMA NPs external charge density, sequential and very easy post-loading of different sulfonates is achievable, thus allowing the preparation of nanocarriers either with bi-modal drug delivery behaviour or as theranostic systems

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis