La gouvernance territoriale au Brésil : les institutions, les faits et les mythes

As análises recentes sobre as organizações e institucionalidades territorializadas têmdado grande destaque às formas de regulação capitalista do espaço, permitindo abrir areflexão sobre as diferenças de trajetórias históricas e de tipos de desenvolvimentoendógeno. No Brasil a criação surpreendente de organizações e instituições locais sob aforma de conselhos, comitês, agências e consórcios que ultrapassam os limitesmunicipais é parte desse quadro de análise da reação local às mudanças globais.Les analyses récentes des organisations et des institutions territorialisées mettent en relief les formes de régulation capitaliste de l’espace, ce qui permet d’ouvrir une réflexion sur les différentes trajectoires historiques modèles de développement endogène. Au Brésil la surprenante création d’ organisations et d’institutions locales sous la forme de conseils, comités, agences et consortiums qui dépassent les limites municipales fait partie de ce cadre d’ analyse de la réaction locale aux changements globaux

Design of a clinical trial for the assessment cardioversion using Transesophageal Echocardiography (The ACUTE Multicenter Study)

Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing cardioversion are at an increased risk of cardioembolic stroke and require anticoagulation, The Assessment of Cardioversion Using Transesophageal Echocardiography (ACUTE) Multicenter Study is a randomized clinical trial of patients undergoing electrical cardioversion of AF of >2 days' duration comparing a transesophageal-guided strategy (TEE) with brief anticoagulation to the conventional anticoagulation strategy. patients randomly assigned to the TEE-guided strategy receive therapeutic anticoagulation before TEE and cardioversion, followed by 4 weeks of anticoagulation, Patients with thrombus imaged by TEE have postponement of cardioversion, continue anticoagulation for 3 weeks, and undergo a repeat TEE, Conventional strategy patients receive 3 weeks of anticoagulation before cardioversion, followed by 4 weeks of anticoagulation after cardioversion, The primary end point events are ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, and systemic embolization for an 8-week period from enrollment, Secondary end points are major and minor bleeding, all-cause mortality, successful return to and maintenance of sinus rhythm, and cost effectiveness, Analysis is based on the intention-to-treat principle. The anticipated rates of embolism of 2.9% for conventional strategy and 1.2% for the TEE-guided strategy are based on published research and the completed pilot study, The ACUTE Multicenter Study will randomize therapy and follow an estimated 3,000 patients from 65 study sites to determine the relative efficacy of the TEE-guided and conventional approaches to electrical cardioversion for patients in AF, The results of this investigation will have important clinical implications for the management of patients with AF undergoing electrical cardioversion. (C) 1998 by Excerpta Medica, Inc.Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Cardiol, Sect Cardiovasc Imaging, Cleveland, OH 44195 USAUniv Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USAUniv Nebraska, Omaha, NE 68182 USAWinthrop Univ Hosp, Mineola, NY 11501 USAEscorts Heart Inst & Res Ctr, New Delhi, IndiaCtr Med Caracas, Caracas, VenezuelaUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BrazilLancaster Heart Fdn, Lancaster, PA USAUniv Essen Gesamthsch, Essen, GermanyEl Azhar Univ, Cairo, EgyptSt Elisabeth Hosp, Tilburg, NetherlandsUniv Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA USARiverside Methodist Hosp, Columbus, OH 43214 USAUniv Rochester, Strong Mem Hosp, Rochester, NY 14642 USAUniv Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USAUniv Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605 USAHosp Vera Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilHosp Socor, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilSaginaw Heart Grp, Saginaw, MI USAUniv Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USANew England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USAWhite River Junction VA Med Ctr, White River Junction, VT USAUniv Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USAVet Affairs Med Ctr, Bronx, NY USAVirginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298 USAHarbor UCLA Med Ctr, Torrance, CA 90509 USAOsped Civile, Cento, ItalyUniv Chicago, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60637 USAUniv Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USAManly Hosp, Manly, NSW, AustraliaPrince Henry Hosp, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaN Shore Univ Hosp, Manhasset, NY USABaylor Coll Med, Methodist Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USATexas Heart Inst, Houston, TX 77025 USAUniv New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USARoyal Victoria Hosp, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A1, CanadaColumbia Cardiovasc Clin, Columbia, SC USAAustin Heart, Austin, TX USAOhio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USAMed Coll Wisconsin, Froedtert Mem Lutheran Hosp, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USASt Nicholas Hosp, Milwaukee Cardiovasc Res, Milwaukee, WI USABlodgett Mem Med Ctr, Grand Rapids, MI USAClearwater Cardiovasc Consultants, Largo, FL USAN Cent Heart Fdn, Sioux Falls, SD USASentara Norfolk Gen Hosp, Norfolk, VA USALoma Linda VA Med Ctr, Loma Linda, CA USAMacNeal Ctr Clin Res, Berwyn, IL USATemple Univ Hosp, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USAHungarian Inst Cardiol, Budapest, HungaryBoston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USABeth Israel Hosp, Boston, MA 02215 USAHosp Servidores Estado, Logoa, BrazilE Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC USAHartford Hosp, Hartford, CT 06115 USAGrad Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19146 USASt Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, New York, NY 10025 USAAlton Ochsner Med Fdn & Ochsner Clin, New Orleans, LA 70121 USAEaston Hosp, Easton, PA USASt Johns Mercy Med Ctr, St Louis, MO 63141 USAMichigan Capital Med Ctr, Lansing, MI USAAlbany Med Coll, Albany, NY 12208 USAMontefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USAUniv Kansas, Med Ctr, Kansas City, KS 66103 USAAndroscoggin Cardiol Associates, Auburn, ME USACleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USAEmory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USACleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Biostat, Cleveland, OH 44195 USACleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Vasc Med, Cleveland, OH 44195 USACleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Neurol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USAUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data