Effect of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in lymphoblastic leukemia cell line

Introduction: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the malignant proliferations of lymphoid cells in the early stages of differentiation and accounts for &frac34; of all cases of childhood leukemia. Available treatment cannot completely treat this disease. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenolic compounds in the green tea that has demonstrated to have anticancer and antimitotic properties. The purpose of the present study was the evaluation of the effect of EGCG on the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in a lymphoblastic leukemia cell line. Methods: Jurkat cell line was cultured in standard condition and in different concentrations of EGCG (0-100 micromolar) for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cell viability was measured by MTS assay. Apoptosis induction was assessed by annexin V-FITC and flow cytometry analysis. Results: The MTS assay revealed that EGCG has decreased cell viability with a time and dose dependent manner. The level of cell apoptosis in all used concentrations of EGCG (50, 70 and 100 &mu;m) was higher than control group (71, 40 and 31 respectively vs. 8) and reached to significant level at 100 &mu;m concentration. Conclusion: The study indicated that EGCG is effective on proliferation inhibition and apoptotic induction in Jurkat lymphoblastic cell line. Therefore, the study of the mechanism of apoptosis induction could be a step of progress toward target therapy which might be considered in the future studies.</p

Up-regulated Th17 cell function is associated with increased peptic ulcer disease in Helicobacter pylori-infection

Background: During Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection CD4+ T cells in the gastric lamina propria are hyporesponsive and polarized by Th1/Th17 cell responses controlled by Treg cells. The objective of this study was to determine the number of Th17 cells in gastric mucosa of patients with gastritis and peptic ulcer and determined the relationship between main virulence factor of H. pylori and Th17 cells. Methods and materials: A total of 89 H. pylori-infected gastritis patients, 63 H. pylori-infected peptic ulcer patients and 48 H. pylori-negative non-ulcer dysplasia patients were enrolled in this study. The number of Th17 was determined by immunohistochemistry. IL-8 and IL-17A expressions were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Also, the grade of chronic and active inflammation was investigated for involvement according to the density of neutrophils and mononuclear in gastric mucosal crypts, from one to all crypts. Results: The number of Th17 cells and the expression of IL-8 and IL-17A in infected patients were significantly higher than uninfected subjects. The number of Th17 cells and the expression of IL-8 and IL-17A in infected patients with peptic ulcer were significantly higher than patients with gastritis. Additionally, the numbers of Th17 cells as well as the expression of IL-8 and IL-17A were positively correlated with the degree of H. pylori density in infected patients with peptic ulcer, while this correlation was negative in infected patients with gastritis. The numbers of Th17 cells as well as the expression of IL-8 and IL-17A were positively correlated with the degree of chronic inflammation. Conclusion: The predominant Th17 cell responses may play a role in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers disease in infected patients

Correlation of acidic mammalian chitinase expression with disease severity in patients with moderate/severe persistent allergic rhinitis

Aim of the study: To assess the level of acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) expression and IL-8 in nasal inferior turbinate mucosa in patients with mild and moderate to severe allergic rhinitis (AR). Material and methods: Participants in this case-control study were divided into three groups, including patients with moderate and severe persistent allergic rhinitis, cases with mild forms of persistent AR, and control or healthy group. We obtained biopsies of nasal inferior turbinate mucosa from all participants. Expression of AMCase and IL-8 mRNAs were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The serum levels of AMCase and IL-8 were determined by ELISA. The number of eosinophils per field, blood eosinophils, total serum IgE levels, and specific serum IgE levels were measured. Patients' clinical manifestations were assessed by total nasal syndrome score (TNSS). Results: Expression of AMCase and IL-8 in patients with moderate and severe perineal allergic rhinitis were significantly elevated compared to the control group and patients with mild persistent allergic rhinitis. Serum levels of AMCase and IL-8 were associated with specific IgE, nasal eosinophil count, and TNSS. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, there might be a relationship between the expression of AMCase and IL-8 in nasal turbinate mucosa and the severity of allergic rhinitis. © 2020 Termedia Publishing House Ltd.. All rights reserved

The expression analysis of IL-6, IL-18, IL-21, IL-23, and TGF-β mRNA in the nasal mucosa of patients with Allergic rhinitis

Background: The profile of inflammatory and suppressing cytokines is important to contribute to the disruption of TH1/ TH2 balance in Allergic rhinitis (AR). Objective: This study aimed to assess the expression levels of IL-6, IL-18, IL-21, IL-23, and TGF-beta in nasal biopsies in AR patients and evaluate its correlation with the severity of AR. Material and method: The study included 30 patients with mild persistent allergic rhinitis (MPAR), patients with moder- ate-to-severe (M/S) PAR, and 30 healthy individuals. The biopsies of nasal inferior turbinate mucosa were collected from each participant. The expression of IL-6, IL-18, IL-21, IL-23, and TGF-beta was evaluated by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The degree of eosinophil infiltration into the nasal mucosa, blood eosinophils, and total serum IgE level were also measured. Result: The expression of IL-6, IL-18, and IL-23 in patients with AR significantly increased compared to the control group. Conversely, the gene expression of the TGF-beta declined in the M/S PAR group rather than the AR-group. The data did not show a significant difference in the expression of the IL-21 gene between AR+ and AR-groups. Conclusion: We suggested that inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-18, and IL-23 may be involved in the severity of AR and associated with markers of inflammation

Correlation of acidic mammalian chitinase expression with disease severity in patients with moderate/severe persistent allergic rhinitis

Aim of the study: To assess the level of acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) expression and IL-8 in nasal inferior turbinate mucosa in patients with mild and moderate to severe allergic rhinitis (AR). Material and methods: Participants in this case-control study were divided into three groups, including patients with moderate and severe persistent allergic rhinitis, cases with mild forms of persistent AR, and control or healthy group. We obtained biopsies of nasal inferior turbinate mucosa from all participants. Expression of AMCase and IL-8 mRNAs were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The serum levels of AMCase and IL-8 were determined by ELISA. The number of eosinophils per field, blood eosinophils, total serum IgE levels, and specific serum IgE levels were measured. Patients' clinical manifestations were assessed by total nasal syndrome score (TNSS). Results: Expression of AMCase and IL-8 in patients with moderate and severe perineal allergic rhinitis were significantly elevated compared to the control group and patients with mild persistent allergic rhinitis. Serum levels of AMCase and IL-8 were associated with specific IgE, nasal eosinophil count, and TNSS. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, there might be a relationship between the expression of AMCase and IL-8 in nasal turbinate mucosa and the severity of allergic rhinitis. Keywords: AMCase; IL-8; allergic rhinitis; gene expression; inferior turbinate; nasal mucosa

Effect of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in lymphoblastic leukemia cell line

Introduction: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the malignant proliferations of lymphoid cells in the early stages of differentiation and accounts for ¾ of all cases of childhood leukemia. Available treatment cannot completely treat this disease. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenolic compounds in the green tea that has demonstrated to have anticancer and antimitotic properties. The purpose of the present study was the evaluation of the effect of EGCG on the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in a lymphoblastic leukemia cell line. Methods: Jurkat cell line was cultured in standard condition and in different concentrations of EGCG (0-100 micromolar) for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cell viability was measured by MTS assay. Apoptosis induction was assessed by annexin V-FITC and flow cytometry analysis. Results: The MTS assay revealed that EGCG has decreased cell viability with a time and dose dependent manner. The level of cell apoptosis in all used concentrations of EGCG (50, 70 and 100 μm) was higher than control group (71%, 40% and 31% respectively vs. 8%) and reached to significant level at 100 μm concentration. Conclusion: The study indicated that EGCG is effective on proliferation inhibition and apoptotic induction in Jurkat lymphoblastic cell line. Therefore, the study of the mechanism of apoptosis induction could be a step of progress toward target therapy which might be considered in the future studies

Local Expression of Mucosal YKL-40; Correlation of YKL-40 with Clinical Manifestations and Immunopathogenesis of Moderate/Severe Persistent Allergic Rhinitis Patients

YKL-40 is an important protein that plays a critical role in chronic inflammation in hypersensitivity disease. In this study, the expression of YKL-40 was investigated among patients with moderate/severe persistent allergic rhinitis (M/S PAR), patients with mild (M) PAR and healthy individuals. Moreover, the association between YKL-40 and immunopathogenesis of M/S PAR was meticulously surveyed. For this purpose, surgical samples were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate YKL-40 mRNA expression. The presence and location of YKL-40 protein in the tissue samples were determined by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, we measured the number of eosinophils per field in the tissue samples, blood eosinophils, total serum IgE, specific serum IgE, total nasal syndrome score (TNSS) and YKL-40 serum levels. The data indicated that production of YKL-40 in patients with M/S PAR increased significantly when compared with the control group. Furthermore, local production of YKL-40 correlated with specific IgE, nasal eosinophil count and TNSS. The results of the present study indicate that YKL-40, for its correlation with allergic clinical manifestations and symptom severity in M/S PAR patients, should be considered as a trigger factor in AR

The relationship between IL-17A and IL-22 expression and clinical severity in patients with moderate/severe persistent allergic rhinitis

Purpose: Several reactions leading to numerous effects are regulated by IL-22. However, the relationship between IL-22 and immunopathogensis of allergic rhinitis (AR) has been rarely investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the levels of IL-22 and IL-17A in AR patients and their association with clinical severity of persistent allergic rhinitis (PAR). Materials and methods: Thirty mild persistent allergic rhinitis (M PAR) patients, thirty moderate/severe persistent allergic rhinitis (M/S PAR) patients, and thirty healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Local production of IL-22 and IL-17A in PAR patients and healthy controls' nasal mucosa was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques. Serum levels of IL-22, IL-17A, specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE), and total IgE (tIgE) in PAR patients and healthy controls were determined by ELISA. In addition, blood eosinophil, nasal eosinophils per field, and total nasal syndrome score (TNSS) were also assessed. Results: In comparison with healthy controls, production of IL-22 and IL-17A in M/S PAR patients increased significantly. Furthermore, serum levels as well as the mean number of IL-22 + and IL-17A + cells in nasal mucosa correlated with sIgE, nasal eosinophil count, and TNSS. Conclusion: The results of the present study provide the first evidence that local production of IL-22 might be expressed in PAR patients. The expression of IL-22 and IL-17A, and their correlations with clinical parameters in PAR patients suggest the role of these cytokines in the events involved in the development of PAR