Sharing culture in a tech world: Grandparent–grandchild cultural exchanges over video chat.

Grandparents who were separated from their infant grandchildren during COVID-19 sought other ways to connect, including video chat. Video chat supports learning, and its features (e.g., contingent responsiveness) may allow for cultural exchange. However, technological problems may disrupt these exchanges. In a semi-naturalistic, longitudinal study, 47 families submitted up to three video chats and surveys. Families were predominantly White/Caucasian, highly-educated, and lived between 1 and 2700 miles apart. Multilevel models were used to predict the proportion of the sessions devoted to exchanging culture (e.g., holidays, parenting advice) and managing tech problems. Culture exchange did not change as a function of infant age, video chat experience, or when encountering tech problems. Although only marginally statistically significant, culture exchange increased as distance increased. Tech problems changed as a function of tech talk. A qualitative analysis revealed that cultural transmission occurred via a culture of care and sharing of information across video chat, that families adapted their behaviors to the new technology, and that technology disruptions rarely interfered with the flow of information. These findings demonstrate the ability to share culture when physically separated and in the presence of tech disruptions. Further, this study supports previous work on the emerging culture of video chat. Families adapted to being separated, and grandparents and infants successfully communicated through a new modality. Because video chat supports family relationships, equitable access to high-speed internet should be a priority to enable more families to use it

Presence at a distance: Video chat supports intergenerational sensitivity and positive infant affect during COVID-19

COVID-19 disrupted infant contact with people beyond the immediate family. Because grandparents faced higher COVID-19 risks due to age, many used video chat instead of interacting with their infant grandchildren in person. We conducted a semi-naturalistic, longitudinal study with 48 families, each of whom submitted a series of video chats and surveys and most (n = 40) also submitted video of an in-person interaction. Families were mostly highlyeducated, White/Caucasian and lived between 1 and 2700 miles apart. We used multilevel models to examine grandparents’ and parents’ sensitivity during video chat across time (centered at February 1, 2021, the approximate date of vaccine availability). Grandparent video chat sensitivity changed as a function of date and parent sensitivity. Parent sensitivity changed as a function of date, grandparent sensitivity, and geographic distance. We then modeled infants’ affective valence during video chat and in-person interactions with their grandparent, which was only predicted by grandparent sensitivity, not modality or other factors. This study demonstrates that caregivers were sensitive toward infants during video chat interactions despite fluctuations in family stress and reduced in-person contact during COVID-19, and that grandparent sensitivity predicted positive infant affect during both video chat and in-person interactions

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Journal of the Geological Society (2015), http://jgs.lyellcollection.org/content/early/2015/06/03/jgs2014-151. Copyright © Geological Society of London 2015The spatial and temporal association of post-collisional granites and lamprophyre dykes is a common but enigmatic relationship in many orogenic belts, including the Variscan orogenic belt of SW England. The geology of SW England has long been interpreted to reflect orogenic processes associated with the closure of the Rheic Ocean and the formation of Pangaea. The SW England peninsula is composed largely of Early Devonian to Carboniferous volcano-sedimentary successions deposited in synrift and subsequent syncollisional basins that underwent deformation and low-grade regional metamorphism during the Variscan orogeny. Voluminous Early Permian granitic magmatism (Cornubian Batholith) is considered to be broadly coeval with the emplacement of lamprophyric dykes and lamprophyric and basaltic lava flows, largely on the basis of geochronological data from lamprophyric lavas in Devon. Although published geochronological data for Cornish lamprophyre dykes are consistent with this interpretation, these data are limited largely to imprecise K–Ar whole-rock and biotite analyses, hindering the understanding of the processes responsible for their genesis and their relationship to granitic magmatism and regional Variscan tectonics. 40Ar/39Ar geochronological data for four previously undated lamprophyre dykes from Cornwall, combined with published data, suggest that lamprophyre magmatism occurred between c. 293.6 and c. 285.4 Ma, supporting previous inferences that their emplacement was coeval with the Cornubian Batholith. These data provide insights into (1) the relative timing between the lamprophyres and basalts, the Cornubian batholith and post-collisional magmatism elsewhere in the European Variscides, and (2) the post-collisional processes responsible for the generation and emplacement of lamprophyres, basalts and granitoids.NSERC (Canada) Discovery grant

Crop Updates 1999 - Cereals

This article covers sixty papers FOREWORD ACKNOWLEDGMENTS PLENARY PAPERS 1. Western Australia’s climate: trends and opportunities, Len W. Broadbridge, Director, Bureau of Meterorology 2. Managing seasonal variations in agriculture, Dr Doug Abrecht, Director, Dryland Research Institute, Merredin CROP ESTABLISHMENT 3. Soil management to prevent waterlogging on duplex soils in the Great Southern, D. Bakker, Greg Hamilton, Cliff Spann and Doug Rowe, Agriculture Western Australia 4. The influence of no-till and press wheels on crop production for heavy soils, Peter Fisher, Jennifer Bignell, Matthew Braimbridge, Greg Hamilton, Agriculture Western Australia NUTRITION 5. Fertiliser nitrogen, applied late, needs rain to increase grain nitrogen and protein levels in wheat, Bill Bowden1, Ross Brennan1, Reg Lunt1 and Senthold Asseng2 1 Agriculture Western Australia, 2 CSIRO 6. Canola upsets the nutrition of the next cereal crop? Bill Bowden1, Garren Knell1, Cherie Rowles 1, Simon Bedbrook\u27, Chris Gazey 1,Mike Bolland1, Ross Brennan 1, Lyn Abbott2, Zed Rengel2 and Wayne Pluske3, 1 Agriculture Western Australia, 2 UWA Soil Science, 3 CSBP 7. Comparisons between high analysis nitrogen sources, Erin Cahill, CSBP 8. Urea additives for reduced drilled urea toxicity for canola and wheat, Bill Crabtree, WANTFA 9. Fertiliser placement, Matthew Evans, CSBP 9. The profitability of variable rate nitrogen applications on wheat, Tim Nielsen, CSBP Technical Services DISEASE 10. Fungicide for wheat leaf disease: boon or bane? Jat Bhathal, Rob Loughman and D. Rasmussen, Plant Pathology, Agriculture Western Australia 11. Role of retained wheat stubbles in disease carryover in wheat/lupin rotations, Jat Bhathal and Rob Loughman, Plant Pathology, Agriculture Western Australia 12. Comparison of aerial and ground application of fungicide for lead disease control ion wheat, Jat Bhathal and Rob Loughman, Plant Pathology, Agriculture Western Australia 13. Bean yellow mosaic virus infection of alternative pasture legume species, Roger Jones, CRC for legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture and Agriculture Western Australia 14. Survey of cereal root nematodes in cropping soils in Western Australia, Sean Kelly1, Ian Riley2 and Robert Loughman1, 1 Agriculture Western Australia,2 University of Adelaide 15. Crop management options for root lesion nematode, Robert Loughman 1, Sharyn Taylor2, Vivien Vanstone 3, Ian Riley3 and Dominie Wright1, 1 Agriculture Western Australia, 2SARDI Plant Research Centre, Glen Osmond, South Australia 3 University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 16. Forecasting barley yellow dwarf risk in cereals, Debbie Thackray and Roger Jones, Agriculture Western Australia and CRC for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture 17. Managing barley yellow dwarf virus in cereal crops, Debbie Thackray, Roger Jones and Simon McKirdy, Agriculture Western Australia and CRC for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture 18. Broadacre diagnostic service, Dominie Wright, Agriculture Western Australia, AGWEST Plant Laboratories 19. Using twist fungus (Dilophospora alopecuri) to reduce the risk of annual ryegrass toxicity, Dr George Yan1 and Dr Ian Riley2, 1 Plant Research and Development Service, Agriculture Western Australia, 2 Applied and Molecular Ecology, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, South Australia NEW VARIETIES 20. New wheat and oat varieties for 1999, Robin Wilson, lain Barclay, Robyn Mclean, Dean Diepeveen, Robert Loughman, and Bill Lambe, Agriculture Western Australia 21. Performance in 1998 of recently released wheat varieties, Robin Wilson, lain Barclay, Robyn Mclean, Dean Diepeveen, Robert Loughman and Bill Lambe, Agriculture Western Australia WHEAT AGRONOMY 22. Increasing the noodle ‘strike rate’, Wal Anderson, Brenda Shackley and Mechelle Owen, Agriculture Western Australia, Quality Wheat CRC 23. Variety trials: wheat and barley, Peter Burgess, Lamond Burgess & Associates 24. South coast wheat variety farmer survey, Ben Curtis, Agriculture Western Australia 25. Residual effects of deep ripping, gypsum and nutrients on grain yields and soil properties, Mohammed A. Hamza and W.K. Anderson, Agriculture Western Australia 26. How to ensure durum wheat profitability! Jamie Henderson, Frank Boetel and Alfredo lmpiglia, Agriculture Western Australia 27. Agronomic evaluation of new wheat varieties for 1999 in the Northern Agricultural Region, Frances Hoyle, Agriculture Western Australia 28. The influence of on-farm management and variety of grain screening levels, Frances Hoyle, Agriculture Western Australia 29. Variety response of hard wheats to management, Darshan Sharma and Wal Anderson, Agriculture Western Australia BARLEY AND OATS 30. Studies into production of export oaten hay, Pierre Fievez, Pierre Fievez and Associates 31. Gairdner barley in the Central and Northern Regions, Blakely Paynter, Agriculture Western Australia 32. Improving milling oat quality, Glenn McDonald, Agriculture Western Australia 33. Gairdner barley in the Southern Region, Kevin Young, Agriculture Western Australia PASTURE 34. The herbicide tolerance of some annual pasture legumes, Andrew Blake, Agriculture Western Australia 35. Pasture systems for cropping rotations in the northern wheatbelt, Keith Devenish, Agriculture Western Australia 36. Perennial pastures reduce recharge and acidification, Perry Dolling, Agriculture Western Australia 37. It’s time to include Lucerne in the pasture-crop system, Roy Latta 1, Lisa-Jane Blacklow2 and Chris Matthews 1,1 Agriculture Western Australia, 2 University of Western Australia, 38. New alternative pasture legume for fine textured soils, Angelo Loi, Brad Nutt and Rochelle McRobb, National Australian Pasture Legumes Improvement Program (NAPLIP) and Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture (CLIMA) 39. Increasing pasture productivity on acid wodjil soils, Brad Nutt, David Webb and Andrew McRobb, Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture (CLIMA) 40. Annual legume pasture species now available for use in cropping systems. Clinton Revell, Agriculture Western Australia 41. Herbicide and cultural management of Cadiz serradella in ‘phase’ pastures, Clinton Revell, Agriculture Western Australia 42. Spring spraying for redlegged earth mite, James Ridsdill-Smith and Celia Pavri, CSIRO Entomology and CLIMA 43. Water use and water extraction by recently developed pasture legume species and cultivars, David Tennant1, Darryl McClements2, Ross Thompson 1 and Mike Ewing2, 1 Natural Resource Management Services, Soil Management, 2 Plant Research and Development, Pasture Sciences 44. Death knell to doublegees? Tim Woodburn· and Paul Yeoh, CSIRO Entomology/CRC Weed Management Systems, Floreat LIMING 45. Calculated lime requirements for rotations, James Fisher1, Art Diggle 1•2 and Bill Bowden 1•2, 1 Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture 2 Agriculture Western Australia 46. The RH lime reactivity test and RH of typical WA limes, Mark Whitten and Andrew Rate, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, University of Western Australia YIELD MAPPING 47. Benchmarking target yields for wheat, Senthold Asseng 1, Bill Bowden2 and Paul Carlile3, 1 CSIRO Plant Industry, 2 Agriculture Western Australia, 3 UWA 48. Getting the most information from farm scale trial, Ed Blanchard, Agricultural Engineering and Precision Farming Consultant, Merredin, WA 49. Measuring nutrient changes using yield maps, Ed Blanchard, Agricultural engineering and precision farming consultant; Precision Farming Demonstration Project Coordinator for the Kondinin Group, Merredin WA BREEDING 50. Crop improvement royalties – investing in the future, Bevan Buirchell and Dean Diepeveen, Agriculture Western Australia 51. Screening cereals for genotypic variation in phosphorus efficiency, Lorraine Osborne and Zed Rengel, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, University of Western Australia ON FARM TESTING 52. Test as you grow pays dividends, John Blake, Tress Walmsley, Terry Piper, Wal Anderson, Dean Diepeveen, Cameron Weeks, Michael Dodd, Amanda Falconer, Caroline Peek, Glenn Adam, Agriculture Western Australia 53. How useful is on-farm testing, Camray Gethin 1, Richard Guinness2, Simon Bedbrook1, Dean Diepeveen4, 1 TopCrop Development Officer, Agriculture Western Australia, 2 Farmer, Kunjin TopCrop Group, Corrigin, 3 Agricultural Consultant, Farmanco, York, 4 CVT service, Crop Industries, Agriculture Western Australia, ECONOMICS 54. The impact of farm practices on sustainability costs of rotations, Pierre Fievez, Pierre Fievez and Associates 55. Right rotations for TopCrop, Daniel Fels, Agriculture Western Australia 56. Dollars of water use efficiency, Andrew Rintoul, FAST National, GRDC funded project, Planfarm 57. Farm business structures, Andrew Rintoul, FAST National, GRDC funded project, Planfarm CLIMATE 58. Broadscale weather aspects affecting Western Australia during 1998 and prospects for 1999, Mal Lamond, Lamond Weather Services 59. An updated look at aspects of rainfall trends and variability in the south-west of Western Australia, Roger Tapp, Climate and Consultancy Section, Bureau of Meteorology, Perth WA 60. Frost research in the eastern wheatbelt, Craig White, Research Officer, Agriculture Western Australia, Presented by D.G. Abrech