Why is an Egg Donor a Genetic Parent, but not a Mitochondrial Donor?

What’s the basis for considering an egg donor a genetic parent but not a mitochondrial donor? I will argue that a closer look at the biological facts will not give us an answer to this question because the process by which one becomes a genetic parent, i.e., the process of reproduction, is not a concept that can be settled by looking. It is, rather, a concept in need of philosophical attention. The details of my argument will rest on recent developments in biological technology, but the persuasiveness of my argument will turn on the history of another biological concept, death. Given some important similarities between the two concepts, the way in which ‘death’ evolved in the recent past can provide guidance on how we should think about ‘reproduction.

Macroeconomic shocks across Central European Countries

The purpose of the research was to investigate the transmission mechanism of macroeconomic shocks across EU countries and CECs. It was expected that the findings would allow to verify the following hypotheses.If it turns out that macroeconomic shocks can be transmitted from the EU to Central European countries (CECs) rather than in opposite way,one should not be afraid that asymmetric shocks across CECs will destabilise the European integration. Moreover,if the size of shocks to EU countries is much smaller than to CECs, this would suggest that the integration process creates mechanisms which limit the extent of the disturbances in output.Therefore, the access of CECs to EU is likely to accelerate reducing the size of shocks.The research was based on VAR models,to which Granger non-causality tests, deletion tests, variance decompositions were applied.

A study of the vector meson ψ(4040)\mathbf{\psi(4040)}

We investigate the well-known $c\bar{c}$ vector state $\psi(4040)$ in the framework of a quantum field theoretical model. In particular, we study its spectral function and search for the pole(s) in the complex plane. Quite interestingly, the spectral function has a non-standard shape and two poles are present. The role of the meson-meson quantum loops (in particular $DD^*$ ones) is crucial and could also explain the not yet confirmed state $Y(4008)$.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure. Prepared for the proceedings of MESON 2018, 15th International Workshop on Meson Physics, KRAK\'OW, POLAND, 7th - 12th June 201

A study of the excited radial vector meson ρ\rho

We study the strong and radiative decays of the radial excitation of the $\rho$ meson, with quantum numbers $n$ $^{2S+1}L_{J}=2$ $^{3}S_{1},$ $I=1$, and denoted as $\rho_{E}$, by making use of an effective model. We test different masses: $1.45$ GeV, corresponding to well known assignment $\rho_{E}\equiv\rho(1450)$ state; $1.25$ GeV for the assignment $\rho _{E}\equiv\rho(1250)$ (a resonance whose existence has not yet been confirmed), and $1.35$ GeV, which lies just in the middle between them in order to study the dependence of the results on the mass. The decay widths for different decay processes and two branching ratios of the radially excited meson $\rho_{E}$ were determined and compared to the experimental data reported in the Particle Data Group.Comment: 4 pages, 1 table. Prepared for the proceedings of the XVII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HADRON SPECTROSCOPY AND STRUCTURE (HADRON 2017

An influence of auniform control file for tax on efficiency of fiscal administration activities in the scope of vat tax return verification

Polish fiscal administration is forced to implement more updated IT tools and various system solutions which are to limit the grey area and stabilise tax earnings to the state budget. In 2017, within the changes in VAT, new solutions were implemented in order to limit the tax frauds and improve collectability of VAT ta

Signatures of α\alpha clustering in ultra-relativistic collisions with light nuclei

We explore possible observable signatures of $\alpha$ clustering of light nuclei in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions involving ${}^{7,9}$Be, ${}^{12}$C, and ${}^{16}$O. The clustering leads to specific spatial correlations of the nucleon distributions in the ground state, which are manifest in the earliest stage of the ultra-high energy reaction. The formed initial state of the fireball is sensitive to these correlations, and the effect influences, after the collective evolution of the system, the hadron production in the final stage. Specifically, we study effects on the harmonic flow in collisions of light clustered nuclei with a heavy target (${}^{208}$Pb), showing that measures of the elliptic flow are sensitive to clusterization in ${}^{7,9}$Be, whereas triangular flow is sensitive to clusterization in ${}^{12}$C and ${}^{16}$O. Specific predictions are made for model collisions at the CERN SPS energies. In another exploratory development we also examine the proton-beryllium collisions, where the $3/2^-$ ground state of ${}^{7,9}$Be nucleus is polarized by an external magnetic field. Clusterization leads to multiplicity distributions of participant nucleons which depend on the orientation of the polarization with respect to the collision axis, as well as on the magnetic number of the state. The obtained effects on multiplicities reach a factor of a few for collisions with a large number of participant nucleons.Comment: 10 pages, 12 figures, references adde

Can the ψ(4040)\psi(4040) explain the peak associated with Y(4008)Y(4008)?

We study the well-known resonance $\psi(4040)$, corresponding to a $3^{3}S_{1}$ charm-anticharm vector state $\psi(3S)$, within a QFT approach, in which the decay channels into $DD$, $D^{\ast}D$, $D^{\ast}D^{\ast}$, $D_{s}D_{s}$ and $D_{s}^{\ast}D_{s}$ are considered. The spectral function shows sizable deviations from a Breit-Wigner shape (an enhancement, mostly generated by $DD^{\ast}$ loops, occurs); moreover, besides the $c\bar{c}$ pole of $\psi(4040)$, a second dynamically generated broad pole at $4$ GeV emerges. Naively, it is tempting to identify this new pole with the unconfirmed state $Y(4008).$ Yet, this state was not seen in the reaction $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow\psi(4040)\rightarrow DD^{\ast}$, but in processes with $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}J/\psi$ in the final state. A detailed study shows a related but different mechanism: a broad peak at $4$ GeV in the process $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow\psi(4040)\rightarrow DD^{\ast }\rightarrow\pi^{+}\pi^{-}J/\psi$ appears when $DD^{\ast}$ loops are considered. Its existence in this reaction is not necessarily connected to the existence of a dynamically generated pole, but the underlying mechanism - the strong coupling of $c\bar{c}$ to \ $DD^{\ast}$ loops - can generate both of them. Thus, the controversial state $Y(4008)$ may not be a genuine resonance, but a peak generated by the $\psi(4040)$ and $D^{\ast}D$ loops with $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}J/\psi$ in the final state.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures, 2 table