Using Photodynamic Therapy to Estimate Effectiveness of Innovative Combined Diclofenac and Tazaroten Therapy of Disseminated Actinic Keratosis

Early diagnosis and therapy of precancerous lesions and malignant tumors belong to the most challenging tasks in modern medicine. Photodynamic diagnosis can help diagnose both precancerous lesions and early carcinoma. Actinic keratosis (AK) is the most common precancerous lesion of the skin. The available data show a high effectiveness of diclofenac in treating multifocal AK. We report a case of a 52-year-old woman who complained of multiple disseminated AK lesions predominantly on the lower limbs and trunk with a significant exacerbation within the last 6 months. Due to the spreading of disease and a high number of AK foci, as well as technical problems with visiting the hospital (PDT Laboratory), photodynamic therapy was not applied. The patient was treated for 2 months with a combination of local administration of 3% diclofenac and 0.1% tazaroten and 3% diclofenac only as a half side (left-right) comparison. The effects of therapy were later clinically evaluated and verified by means of photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) directly after therapy and at a follow-up examination 3 months later. The evaluation of treatment was blinded.Treatment with diclofenac only on the right side of the body resulted in clearing of 55% of all treated lesions, which increased to 60% three months after finishing therapy. On the left side of the body, where combined therapy (diclofenac 2 times daily on uneven dates and diclofenac once a day + tazaroten once a day on even dates) was used, 77.5% pathologic lesions disappeared, but this did not increase at follow up. The treatment of multifocal, disseminated AK is a difficult task and also burdensome for the patient due to side effects like scarring or burning and itching which occur during most therapies. Combined therapy with diclofenac and tazaroten supported by PDD may improve the effects of routine treatment of AK.</p

The Use of Fractal Dimension Analysis in Estimation of Blood Vessels Shape in Transplantable Mammary Adenocarcinoma in Wistar Rats after Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Cysteine Protease Inhibitors

Fractal dimension analysis (FDA) is modern mathematical method widely used to describing of complex and chaotic shapes when classic methods fail. The main aim of this study was evaluating the influence of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with cystein proteases inhibitors (CPI) on the number and morphology of blood vessels inside tumor and on increase of effectiveness of combined therapy in contrast to PDT and CPI used separately. Animals were divided into four groups: control, treated using only PDT, treated using only CPI and treated using combined therapy, PDT and CPI. Results showed that time of animal survival and depth of necrosis inside tumor were significantly higher in CPI+PDT group in contrast to other groups. The higher value of fractal dimension (FD) was observed in control group, while the lowest value was found in the group which was treated by cystein protease inhibitors. The differences between FD were observed in CPI group and PDT+CPI group in comparison to control group. Our results revealed that fractal dimension analysis is a very useful tool in estimating differences between irregular shapes like blood vessels in PDT treated tumors. Thus, the implementation of FDA algorithms could be useful method in evaluating the efficacy of PDT

The Use of Fractal Dimension Analysis in Estimation of Blood Vessels Shape in Transplantable Mammary Adenocarcinoma in Wistar Rats after Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Cysteine Protease Inhibitors

Fractal dimension analysis (FDA) is modern mathematical method widely used to describing of complex and chaotic shapes when classic methods fail. The main aim of this study was evaluating the influence of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with cystein proteases inhibitors (CPI) on the number and morphology of blood vessels inside tumor and on increase of effectiveness of combined therapy in contrast to PDT and CPI used separately. Animals were divided into four groups: control, treated using only PDT, treated using only CPI and treated using combined therapy, PDT and CPI. Results showed that time of animal survival and depth of necrosis inside tumor were significantly higher in CPI+PDT group in contrast to other groups. The higher value of fractal dimension (FD) was observed in control group, while the lowest value was found in the group which was treated by cystein protease inhibitors. The differences between FD were observed in CPI group and PDT+CPI group in comparison to control group. Our results revealed that fractal dimension analysis is a very useful tool in estimating differences between irregular shapes like blood vessels in PDT treated tumors. Thus, the implementation of FDA algorithms could be useful method in evaluating the efficacy of PDT

Fluid–solid interaction on a thin platelet with high-velocity flow: vibration modelling and experiment

The paper concerns the nonlinear behaviour of a thin platelet that is streamlined in an aerodynamic tunnel. The air velocity in the aerodynamic tunnel was at 858.9 km/h or 0.7 Ma (Ma—Mach number is a dimensionless quantity in fluid dynamics representing the ratio of flow velocity past a boundary to the local speed of sound). This experiment was numerically simulated using FSI (fluid–solid interaction) tools, namely the coupling between the strength and flow code. The strength code uses the finite element method, while the flow code is based on the finite volume method. The coupling between the codes was made by means of an interface that transmitted the relevant data and results between the two codes. The paper discusses the methodology of this coupling. The study also highlights the phenomena occurring during the interaction of flow with the plate with emphasis on their nonlinear character

Fluid solid interactions – a novelty in industrial applications

The article deals with a current state-of-art of fluid solid interaction (FSI) – the new branch of continuum physics. Fluid-solid interaction is a new quality of modeling physical processes of continuum mechanics, it can be described as the interaction of various (so far treated separately from the point of view of mathematical modeling) physical phenomena occurring in continuous media systems. The most correct is the simultaneous application of the laws of the given physical disciplines, which implies that fluid solid interaction is a subset of multi-physical applications where the interactions between these subsets are exchanged on the surface in interconnected systems. Our purpose is to extend the fluid solid interaction aplications into new phenomena what follow from the industrial needs and inovative thechnologies. Selecting the various approaches, we prefer the arbitraty lagrangean-eulerian description within the bulk of fluid/solid domain and a new sort of advanced boundary condition on a surface of common contact