Vpliv rabe tal na dinamiko fosforja v tleh golfišč

<p class="auto-style17">Although, it is usually considered that P applied in fertilizers is taken up by crops or immobilized in the soil, and therefore P losses from agro systems is negligible; recent research indicates that significant P leaching out of the root zone, can occur where certain combinations of land use practice, soil properties and climate condition exist. Therefore special attention was given to dynamics of total P (TP) and plant available P in golf course soils. A field study was carried out to assess how different environmental condition and management practices affect dynamics of TP and plant available P in soil. The proportions of plant available P and TP in the golf rough significantly correlated with precipitation. Since no relationship between precipitation and the P dynamics in soil on the greens and fairways was observed.</p

Modelling Impact of Adjusted Agricultural Practices on Nitrogen Leaching to Groundwater

The aim of the research was to determine how changes in the management of agricultural land (cultivation techniques, fertilisation, type of crop and crop rotation) influence on the leaching of nitrogen from the soil profile. Research was conducted in the Drava River plain in Slovenia. The impact of 31 different scenarios of potential change in agricultural land management was evaluated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The research was located on the shallow aquifer with alluvial bedrock composite from carbonate and silicate layers, which is the main source of drinking water in the area. The results of the SWAT model version 2009 showed that with the constant climate and land management technology, the magnitude of nitrogen leaching from the soil profile is mainly influenced by soil properties. The most drastic effect on the increase of nitrogen leaching showed vegetable production technology, followed by cereals (corn, wheat and barley). Vegetable production even in ecological production by Slovenian standards can result in similar leaching potential as conventional farming, due to unfavourable conditions originating from soil properties (shallow soil profile). Effects of grassland production may lead to 76–98% reduction in nitrogen loss from soil profile in comparison to current practices

Modelling Agri‐Environmental Measures for Minimizing Soil Erosion While Protecting Valuable Agricultural Land

Erosion processes in river basins and the consequent transport of sediment and sediment‐bound pollutants to reservoirs cause hydromorphological changes and eutrophication, as well as the loss of reservoir storage capacity. This chapter deals with the optimal selection and implementation of agri‐environmental measures in river basins to reduce sediment yield and load. The main aim of this was to contribute to more efficient river basin management by minimizing soil erosion, while protecting valuable agricultural land. This includes implementing measures at the most critical source areas, where they are most effective and necessary. The river Ledava basin was selected as the study area. It covers an area of 105 km2 in northeast Slovenia and southeast Austria. The results of monitoring the river Ledava discharge reveal that the average annual concentration of sediment in the water body exceeded the recommended value of 25 mg/l by 46.7%. Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), we were able to determine critical source areas and simulate the effects of eight different agri‐environmental scenarios on sediment yield reduction. The results show that critical source areas comprise 12% of the river basin. Most of the scenarios reduced sediment load in the river Ledava where steeper slopes in the sub‐basin prevail and where high average annual sediment transport from hydrologic response units (HRUs) has been identified. The impact of the scenarios on the average annual sediment load (ton/year) in the river was lower than for the sediment yield (ton/ha) at the HRU level

Records and state of public infrastructure, the case of the Vogršček reservoir

An important component in the development of the\ud environment is diverse and functioning public infrastructure\ud (PI), which is managed by different sectors in Slovenia.\ud Information on the PI in Slovenia is collected in the\ud Consolidated Cadastre of PI maintained by the Surveying\ud and Mapping Authority of Republic of Slovenia; it is\ud an indispensable actor in the various processes of spatial\ud governance. In this paper, a three-stage methodology for\ud the analysis of public infrastructure is presented, which\ud enables the systematic and repeatable analysis of PI and\ud is also useful to check interactions between elements of PI\ud in the observed area. The proposed methodology is tested\ud in the wider area of the Vogršček reservoir in the Vipava\ud Valley. Through legislation, regulations on the management\ud and maintenance, concession contracts and agreements, the\ud management and maintenance of PI at the intersections\ud of different infrastructure is defined. The examples given\ud show the importance of the optimal operation of each part\ud of infrastructure for the operation of the infrastructure in\ud other sectors, as well as the importance of accurate records.\ud Suggestions for improving the situation in the field of PI\ud records are also given

Groundwater nitrate sources in alluvial aquifers: Isotope case study in Savinja Valley (Slovenia)

Abstract The chemical status of the shallow alluvial Savinja Valley groundwater body in Slovenia is poor, mainly due to the high concentration of nitrate in groundwater. This case study is therefore oriented in the assessment of groundwater vulnerability to nitrate pollution, as a base for the measure-planning processes. The article describes the use of isotope information of surface water and groundwater for the determination of possible sources of groundwater nitrate pollution. The isotope information of predominant soil and manure/septic waste nitrate origin, associated with other local physical and chemical boundary conditions and land use data, offers an interpretative support in the delineation of nitrate vulnerable zones

Urban Gardening: From Cost Avoidance to Profit Making — Example from Ljubljana, Slovenia

In this study, we compare two economic models of urban gardening in Ljubljana, Slovenia. First is an avoided costs model (ACM) and the second one is a business model (BM). Comparison is made to exemplify the main economic differences between the two models. The difference is that producers under the BM sell surplus products, which is not the case under the ACM. The main aim of this study is to present an analysis of the phenomenon of urban gardening as a BM for small family home or allotment gardens. The survey was performed through Internet questionnaires and in some cases also with on-site interviews. Totally 127 urban gardeners from Ljubljana municipality participated in the research. The average ACM urban gardeners had on 1 m2 revenue of 4.86 EUR/m2, costs of 1.48 EUR/m2 and gross margin (savings) of 3.38 EUR/m2. Altogether, ACM brings savings of approximately 462.7 EUR per average size garden (136.69 m2) or 203 EUR per median size garden (60 m2) to the average gardener. The average BM gardener sold to the wholesale company approximately 107.0 kg of vegetables per year from 32.48 m2 of production area for an average retail price of 1.46 EUR/kg and earning revenue of 156.44 EUR/year. Costs were approximately 21.27 EUR/year. Therefore, the gross margin or earning from surpluses sold was approximately 135.17 EUR/year for the average BM gardener, which was 4.29 EUR/m2 or 1.26 EUR/kg of produce. The study offers evidence that the ACM can be upgraded with the BM. For example, if a family of two retired members have an average garden of 136 m2, they can produce vegetables for four people. Consequent surpluses for two family members can be sold for extra money. The BM should be more promoted among urban gardeners as it can offer additional income and in certain cases, when a hobby becomes a profession, also a full-time job

The economic performance of urban gardening in three European cities – examples from Ljubljana, Milan and London

Urban gardening is not a new phenomenon but it has received considerably more practical and academic interest in recent years. Studies on economic aspects such as crop yields, inputs and outputs of production, productivity, gross margins and the contribution to home economics are rare, especially in Europe. While urban gardening plays an important role in the Global South, its role in Western Europe for food productivity and home eco- nomics is currently under-researched. The aim of this study is to analyse European urban gardeners\u2019 economic performance and self-sufficiency on a household level, as well as to reach a better understanding of their con- tribution to food self-provision and food security in the metropolitan areas. In a study carried out in 2014 with on-site personal and with online questionnaires participated 180 urban gardeners from three case study cities (Ljubljana, Milan, and London). Results from the economic analysis showed that although for most urban gar- deners, profit is not their main motivation, the economic calculation shows that productivity in small urban plots can be comparable to market garden production. Urban gardeners are saving money, especially when, compared to retail prices for regular produce or organic produce, their input is included in the gross margin calculation. We conclude that, in the case-study cities, the self-provisional potential of urban gardeners\u2019 households to ade- quately cover the annual vegetable need of five-a-day servings can be met under three conditions: (1) sufficient garden size; (2) increased area productivity, and (3) sufficient labour-hour inputs

Algorithm for Assessing Irrigation Water Use Potential Pertaining Present Water Protection Measures at the Danube and Adriatic Sea River Basins

The approach for developing a sectoral water use demand plan for irrigation sector is represented in this paper. The aim of the research is to inform implementation of the measure DDU26 set out by the River basin management plan for the Danube and Adriatic Sea river basins. The latter is an umbrella operational plan set out to achieve good status of water bodies under the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). The aim of the measure DDU26 is to estimate (a) available stocks of surface water and groundwater and (b) existing and projected water use for the period until 2021. To achieve this all water use sectors (irrigation, domestic use, cooling in electricity production, process water in industry, tourism, etc.) need to establish their own water demand plans reflecting their sectoral development programmes. Projections of future irrigation water use show the current water use for irrigation will increase. However no spatial reference on where this development will happen is defined thus the projection poorly informs the DDU26 implementation. To overpass the sectoral gap and inform spatially weighted irrigation development that relates to water source use potential pertaining current protection aspirations under the River Basin Management Plan (RBMP), we document the development of the irrigation water use potential algorithm (IWUP). IWUP is a decision tree that helps choose best suitable irrigation water source of several available. The water sources use suitability is ranked on a scale from highly suitable for use to least suitable for use. Use priority of water sources for irrigation decreases accordingly: surface water stream, reservoir, and groundwater. The IWUP incorporates the WFD relevant variables such as ecologically acceptable flow of surface water streams, quantitative groundwater body status, and multifunctional reservoir use