Disability and poverty: two related conditions. A review of the literature

La relación entre discapacidad y pobreza ha sido reconocida en la literatura desde los años noventa. La evidencia empírica que soporta la existencia de esta relación ha crecido en la última década, sin embargo, todavía no se ha determinado cuáles son los mecanismos que facilitan y participan en la creación de la correspondencia entre discapacidad y pobreza.El propósito de este artículo es explorar cómo los conceptos de discapacidad y pobreza se relacionan; igualmente analizar la bidireccionalidad de la relación entre estas dos condiciones, cómo esta mediada por la existencia de procesos de exclusión social y qué evidencia empírica existe en países en vía de desarrollo en Latinoamérica.The relationship between disability and poverty has been recognised in the literature since the 1990s. Empirical evidence supporting the existence of this relationship has increased in the last decade; however, there is still a lack of knowledge of how these two conditions interact and what the causal mechanisms that participate in the creation of this relationship are. This article aims to explore how the concepts of disability and poverty are related and it analyses the bidirectional relationship between these two conditions, how it is mediated by social exclusion and what empirical evidence supports this relationship around the world and in Latin America (LA)

The realities of disability and poverty in Latin America

Disability and poverty are related: there is a higher risk of disabled people becoming poor and of poor people becoming disabled. Although this relationship is recognised within disability scholarship, there is a lack of empirical evidence particularly in the context of Latin America. Taking data from five Latin American Countries (Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico), this study tests the hypothesis that households with disabled members have higher levels of poverty compared with other households. Two research designs were used: a small-N comparative variable-oriented design using most-different cases; and a cross sectional design. Secondary data analysis revealed that households with disabled members have higher levels of poverty using direct and indirect measures (e.g. income; subjective and multidimensional indices) compared with other households and that this held true across the five countries studied. The findings from this research have salience for policy makers internationally. The most important policy implication is that disabled people and their families need to be explicitly included in poverty reduction strategies and their extra needs should be recognised within these policies. Mitigating the risk of poverty for disabled people should be a universal policy goal

Marco de referencia metodológica para la formulación de índices e indicadores sociales

El objetivo del presente texto es explorar las metodologías que han sido empleadas en la formulación de índices e indicadores sociales. Este documento representa una extensión de los desarrollos conceptuales del documento de investigación titulado Demografía, pobreza y discapacidad (Pinilla, Cruz y Hernández, 2009), donde fue abordada la problemática que existe en la medición de la pobreza y la discapacidad. Ambos documentos se desarrollaron en el marco del proyecto “Magnitud de la discapacidad: exclusión social en Colombia”, suscrito al Grupo de Investigación en Rehabilitación e Integración Social de la Persona con Discapacidad (GRISP), de la Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad del Rosario, cuyo interés principal es la formulación de un Índice que permita describir la interacción entre los factores contextuales ambientales, sociales y/o personales que determinan la discapacidad

Macro level system mapping of the provision of mental health services to young people living in a conflict context in Colombia

Colombia has one of the longest running internal armed conflicts, which has significantly impacted the mental health of the population. This article is the first to present a national level mapping of the provision of mental health services to young people living in Colombia, through detailed review of documentation, interviews with key stakeholders and quantitative analysis of existing data on mental health and suicide. It explores the existing public mental health provision in the country, focussing on where mental health resources are concentrated and how these are implemented. We use this mapping to understand how the current mental health system in Colombia fits with international approaches to youth mental health. We show that whilst mental health policy is variously framed (biomedical, biosocial, psychologically or through human rights), Colombian policy clearly focusses on a differential approach. This differential approach shapes service provision to target support at those in need, consequently neglecting whole population level mental health support. This means that not all stakeholders were clearly articulated or included in policy and that key institutional stakeholders, such as the education sector, were not linked to implementation plans or activity. Policy approaches were also over-centralised with little cross-institutional collaboration. Youth were specifically missing from services, as was explicit understanding of the intergenerational effects and impact of conflict. This was exacerbated by unequal distribution of mental health care services concentrated in populous, urban areas away from conflict-affected regions. Suicide is the second most prevalent cause of death with 10% of population who were recorded as dying by violence, dying from completed suicide. Triangulation implies a strong relationship between suicide and poorer access to professional support in conflict-affected areas and suggests that international frameworks and policy approaches to supporting youth mental health have been insufficiently adapted for conflict and post conflict contexts

Does disability increase the risk of poverty ‘in all its forms’? Comparing monetary and multidimensional poverty in Vietnam and Nepal

To meet the Sustainable Development Goals target of ending poverty “in all its forms”, it is critical to monitor progress towards poverty alleviation, including amongst people with disabilities. This research used data from a population-based nested case control studies (n=667) and compares monetary and multidimensional poverty levels amongst people with and without disabilities in the districts of Cam Le, Vietnam and Tanahun, Nepal. Overall, there were no significant differences in incidence of monetary poverty between people with and without disabilities. However, approximately half of people with disabilities were multidimensionally poor in both settings, twice as frequent as compared to people without disabilities. Amongst people with disabilities, multidimensional poverty was associated with having a functional limitation affecting cognition and self-care, disability severity and younger age. The high incidence of multidimensional poverty amongst people with disabilities even in the absence of monetary poverty indicates a need for social protection and other interventions

Discapacidad y pobreza: dos condiciones relacionadas. Una revisión de la literatura

La relación entre discapacidad y pobreza ha sido reconocida en la literatura desde los años noventa. La evidencia empírica que soporta la existencia de esta relación ha crecido en la última década, sin embargo, todavía no se ha determinado cuáles son los mecanismos que facilitan y participan en la creación de la correspondencia entre discapacidad y pobreza.El propósito de este artículo es explorar cómo los conceptos de discapacidad y pobreza se relacionan; igualmente analizar la bidireccionalidad de la relación entre estas dos condiciones, cómo esta mediada por la existencia de procesos de exclusión social y qué evidencia empírica existe en países en vía de desarrollo en Latinoamérica.The relationship between disability and poverty has been recognised in the literature since the 1990s. Empirical evidence supporting the existence of this relationship has increased in the last decade; however, there is still a lack of knowledge of how these two conditions interact and what the causal mechanisms that participate in the creation of this relationship are. This article aims to explore how the concepts of disability and poverty are related and it analyses the bidirectional relationship between these two conditions, how it is mediated by social exclusion and what empirical evidence supports this relationship around the world and in Latin America (LA)

Disability and poverty: two related conditions. A review of the literature

Summary The relationship between disability and poverty has been recognised in the literature since the 1990s. Empirical evidence supporting the existence of this relationship has increased in the last decade; however, there is still a lack of knowledge of how these two conditions interact and what the causal mechanisms that participate in the creation of this relationship are. This article aims to explore how the concepts of disability and poverty are related and it analyses the bidirectional relationship between these two conditions, how it is mediated by social exclusion and what empirical evidence supports this relationship around the world and in Latin America (LA). Key words: People with disabilities; Poverty; Latin America (MeSH).   Resumen La relación entre discapacidad y pobreza ha sido reconocida en la literatura desde la década de los noventa. La evidencia empírica que soporta la existencia de esta relación ha crecido en la última década, sin embargo, todavía no se ha determinado cuáles son los mecanismos que facilitan y participan en la creación de la correspondencia entre discapacidad y pobreza. El propósito de este artículo es explorar cómo los conceptos de discapacidad y pobreza se relacionan; igualmente analizar la bidireccionalidad de la relación entre estas dos condiciones, cómo esta mediada por la existencia de procesos de exclusión social y qué evidencia empírica existe en países en vía de desarrollo en Latinoamérica. Palabras clave: Personas con discapacidad; Pobreza; América Latina (DeSC)